Benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole carrying benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl groups, carbazolyl groups, dibenzofurane groups or benzothiophene groups for organic light emitting diodes

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole compounds containing benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl groups, carbazolyl groups, dibenzofurane groups, dibenzothiophene groups, fluorenyl groups and/or dibenzosilolyl groups. Also disclosed herein are organic electronic devices containing the benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole compound(s), a charge transport layer, charge blocking layer/exciton blocking layer, or an emitting layer containing the benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole compound(s), as well as apparatuses selected from stationary visual display units, mobile visual display units, illumination units, keyboards, items of clothing, furniture, or wallpaper, containing the organic electronic device, or the charge transport layer, the charge/exciton blocking layer, or the emitting layer. Also disclosed herein is the use of the benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole compound(s) for organic electroluminescent devices, electrophotographic photoreceptors, photoelectric converters, organic solar cells, switching elements, organic light emitting field effect transistors, image sensors or dye lasers, and processes for preparing benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole compounds.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (1) and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. When used as charge transport material, charge blocker material and/or host material in electroluminescent devices, the compounds of formula (1) may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices and reduced driving voltage of electroluminescent devices. Preferably, the compounds should be suitable for providing OLEDs which ensure good efficiencies and/or good operative lifetimes of the OLEDs.

Khan, Misbahul Ain; Ribeiro, Vera Lucia Teixeira, Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 43 (2000) 168-170 describes the synthesis of benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimadozoles

by trialkyl phosphite-induced deoxygenation and thermolysis of 1-(o-nitrophenyl)- and 1-(o-azidophenyl)benzimidazoles.

Pedro Molina et al. Tetrahedron (1994) 10029-10036 reports that aza Wittig-type reaction of bis(iminophosphoranes), derived from bis(2-aminophenyl)amine with two equivalents of isocyanate directly provided benzimidazo[1,2,a]benzimidazole derivatives.

Kolesnikova, I. V.; Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii 25 (1989) 1689-95 describes the synthesis of 5H-benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10-octafluoro-5-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl).

Achour, Reddouane; Zniber, Rachid, Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges 96 (1987) 787-92 describes the synthesis of benzimidazobenzimidazoles

which were prepared from benzimidazolinone derivatives.

Hubert, Andre J.; Reimlinger, Hans, Chemische Berichte 103 (1970) 2828-35 describes the synthesis of benzimidazobenzimidazoles

X. Wang et al. Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 452-455 discloses a highly efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis for compounds of formula

wherein compounds of formula

are reacted in the presence of copper acetate (Cu(OAc)₂)/PPh₃/1,10-phenathroline/sodium acetate and oxygen in m-xylene (1 atm) at elevated temperature. Among others the following compounds can be prepared by the described synthesis method:

In Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 5986-5997 a new synthesis of benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole is described.

In RSC Advances 2014, 4, 21904-21908 a new synthesis of benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole is described.

It is mentioned—as a general statement—that these polycyclic molecules have—besides other applications—also attracted great interest in the field of electroluminescent devices.

WO2011/160757 relates to an electronic device comprising an anode, cathode and at least one organic layer which contains a compound of formulae

wherein X may be a single bond and L may be a divalent group. The following 4H-Imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole compounds are explicitly disclosed:

WO2012/130709 relates to 4H-Imidazo[1,2-a]imidazoles,

such as, for example,

a process for their production and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices.

WO2014/009317 relates to compounds of formula

especially compounds of formula

such as, for example,

a process for their production and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. The 2,5-disubstituted benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives are suitable hole transporting materials, or host materials for phosphorescent emitters.

WO2014/044722 relates to compounds of formula

which are characterized in that they substituted by benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-5-yl and/or benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2,5-ylene groups and in that at least one of the substituents B¹, B², B³, B⁴, B⁵, B⁶, B⁷ and B⁸ represents N, a process for their production and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices.

European patent application no. 13191100.0 relates to compounds of formula

which are characterized in that they are substituted by benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-5-yl and/or benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2,5-ylene groups and in that at least one of the substituents B¹, B², B³, B⁴, B⁵, B⁶, B⁷ and B⁸ represents N; a process for their production and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices.

Benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-5-yl and benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2-ylsubstituted benzimidazolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole derivatives are described in WO2015/014791. In comparative application example 1, comparative compound CC-3 is mentioned:

European patent application no. EP14197947.9 describes carbazol compounds carrying benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole groups of the following structure.

wherein

m is 1, or 2, n is 0, 1, or 2,

Ar¹ and Ar² are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, a C₁₂-C₃₀heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G,

A¹ is a group of formula

European patent application no. EP14197952.6 describes dibenzofurane compounds carrying benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole groups of the following structure.

wherein

X is O or S;

Y is a group of formula —[Ar¹]_(a)—[Ar²]_(b)—[Ar³]_(c)-A¹;

A¹ is a group of formula R (Xa) or R (Xb).

PCT/IB2015/055667 describes compounds of the formula

wherein

X² and X³ are independently of each other a group of formula -(A⁵)_(v)-(A⁶)_(s)-(A⁷)_(t)-(A⁸)_(u)-R¹⁵, or —NR¹⁰R¹¹, such as, for example,

Notwithstanding these developments, there remains a need for organic light emitting devices comprising new materials, especially host (=matrix) materials, charge transport materials, i.e. hole transport materials and electron transport materials, and/or charge/exciton blocker materials, i.e. electron/exciton blocker materials and hole/exciton blocker materials, to provide long lifetimes, improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, driving voltage and/or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention, with respect to the aforementioned related art, to provide further materials suitable for use in OLEDs and further applications in organic electronics. More particularly, it should be possible to provide charge transport materials, i.e. hole transport materials and electron transport materials, and/or charge/exciton blocker materials, i.e. electron/exciton blocker materials and hole/exciton blocker materials, and host (=matrix) materials for use in OLEDs. The materials should be suitable especially for OLEDs which comprise at least one emitter, which is preferably a phosphorescence emitter, for example at least one green, red or yellow emitter, especially at least one green emitter or at least one red emitter.

Furthermore, the materials should be suitable for providing OLEDs which ensure good efficiencies, good operative lifetimes and a high stability to thermal stress, and a low use and operating voltage of the OLEDs. Preferably, the compounds should be suitable for providing OLEDs which ensure good efficiencies and/or good operative lifetimes of the OLEDs.

Said object is solved by heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1);

wherein

R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸

are independently of each other H or a group of formula -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)-(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-R²⁰;

wherein at least one of the residues R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ represents or contains a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

wherein

X is O, S, NR¹³, CR³⁰R³¹ or SiR³⁰R³¹;

Y is N, CR³⁰ or SiR³⁰, preferably N;

R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁵

are independently of each other H or a group of the following formula -(A^(1′))_(o′)-(A^(2′))_(p′)-(A^(3′))_(q′)-(A^(4′))_(r′)-R^(20′); preferably R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

R¹³ is a group of the formula -(A^(5′))_(s′)-(A^(6′))_(t′)-(A^(7′))_(u′)-(A^(8′))_(v′)-R^(21′);

k, l and n are independently of each other 0, 1, 2 or 3;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

l′ and n′ are independently of each other 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

R⁹ is a group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹;

o is 0 or 1, p is 0 or 1, q is 0 or 1, r is 0 or 1;

s is 0 or 1, t is 0 or 1, u is 0 or 1, v is 0 or 1;

o′ is 0 or 1, p′ is 0 or 1, q′ is 0 or 1, r′ is 0 or 1;

s′ is 0 or 1, t′ is 0 or 1, u′ is 0 or 1, v′ is 0 or 1;

A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄arylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₂-C₃₀heteroarylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

R²⁰ and R^(20′) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

R²¹ and R^(21′) are independently of each other a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷

are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and/or

two adjacent groups of the groups R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and/or

two adjacent groups of the groups R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

D is —CO—, —COO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO₂—, —O—, —NR⁶⁵—, —SiR⁷⁰R⁷¹—, —POR⁷²—, —CR⁶³═CR⁶⁴—, or —C≡C;

E is —OR⁶⁹, —SR⁶⁹, —NR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —COR⁶⁸, —COOR⁶⁷, —CONR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —CN, —Si(R⁷⁰)₃ or halogen;

G is E, or a C₁-C₂₄alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₂₄alkyl, or C₁-C₂₄alkyl which is interrupted by O; a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkyl which is interrupted by O;

R⁶³ and R⁶⁴ are independently of each other H, C₆-C₁₈aryl; C₆-C₁₈aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; C₁-C₁₈alkyl; or C₁-C₁₈alkyl which is interrupted by —O—;

R⁶⁵ and R⁶⁶ are independently of each other a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—; or

R⁶⁵ and R⁶⁶ may form together with the atom to which they are bonded a five or six membered ring,

R⁶⁷ is a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—,

R⁶⁸ is H; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—,

R⁶⁹ is a C₆-C₁₈aryl; a C₆-C₁₈aryl, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—,

R⁷⁰ and R⁷¹ are independently of each other a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, or a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, and

R⁷² is a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, or a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl;

R³⁰ and R³¹ are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

two adjacent groups of the groups R³⁰ or two adjacent groups of the groups R³¹ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites.

The specific position of a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group; or a group of one of the formulae (2), (2′), (3) or (3′) gives rise to materials, especially host, charge transport or charge blocking materials, that are highly suitable in devices that emit green, red or yellow light, preferably green or red light, more preferably green light. Moreover, a balanced charge transport, i.e. hole transport or electron transport, and/or charge/exciton blocking, i.e. electron/exciton blocking or hole/exciton blocking, in devices is achieved resulting in low voltages and high external quantum efficiencies (EQE's) and/or long lifetimes.

The compounds of the present invention may be used for electrophotographic photoreceptors, photoelectric converters, organic solar cells (organic photovoltaics), switching elements, such as organic transistors, for example, organic FETs and organic TFTs, organic light emitting field effect transistors (OLEFETs), image sensors, dye lasers and electroluminescent devices, such as, for example, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).

Accordingly, a further subject of the present invention is directed to an electronic device, comprising a compound according to the present invention. The electronic device is preferably an electroluminescent device, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).

The compounds of formula (1) can in principal be used in any layer of an EL device, but are preferably used as host, charge transport, i.e. hole transport or electron transport, and/or charge/exciton blocking, i.e. electron/exciton blocking or hole/exciton blocking, material. Particularly, the compounds of formula (1) are used as host material for green, red and yellow, preferably green and red, more preferably green light emitting phosphorescent emitters.

Hence, a further subject of the present invention is directed to a charge transport, i.e. hole transport or electron transport, layer, comprising a compound of formula (1) according to the present invention.

A further subject of the present invention is directed to an emitting layer, comprising a compound of formula (1) according to the present invention. In said embodiment a compound of formula (1) is preferably used as host material or as co-host material together with one or more, preferably one, further host materials. More preferably, a combination of a compound of formula (1) and a co-host material together with a phosphorescent emitter is used.

A further subject of the present invention is directed to a charge/exciton blocking, i.e. hole/exciton blocking, layer, comprising a compound of formula (1) according to the present invention.

A further subject of the present invention is directed to a charge/exciton blocking, i.e. electron/exciton blocking, layer, comprising a compound of formula (1) according to the present invention.

The terms halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, aralkyl, heteroaryl, arylene, heteroarylene are known in the art and generally have the following meaning, if said groups are not further specified in specific embodiments mentioned below:

Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably fluorine.

C₁-C₂₅alkyl, preferably C₁-C₂₄alkyl and more preferably C₁-C₁₈alkyl are typically linear or branched, where possible. Examples are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec.-butyl, isobutyl, tert.-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl and 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, or octadecyl. C₁-C₈alkyl is typically methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec.-butyl, isobutyl, tert.-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-propyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl and 2-ethylhexyl. C₁-C₄alkyl is typically methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec.-butyl, isobutyl, tert.-butyl.

The alkyl groups mentioned above can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D. Preferably, the alkyl groups mentioned above are unsubstituted or can optionally be substituted by E.

C₁-C₂₅alkoxy groups and preferably C₁-C₁₈alkoxy groups are straight-chain or branched alkoxy groups, e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, amyloxy, isoamyloxy or tert-amyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, isooctyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tetradecyloxy, pentadecyloxy, hexadecyloxy, heptadecyloxy and octadecyloxy. Examples of C₁-C₈alkoxy are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec.-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert.-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, 2-pentyloxy, 3-pentyloxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, n-hexyloxy, n-heptyloxy, n-octyloxy, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutoxy and 2-ethylhexyloxy, preferably C₁-C₄alkoxy such as typically methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec.-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert.-butoxy.

The term “cycloalkyl group” is preferably C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl, such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, cyclododecyl, preferably cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, or cyclooctyl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by G.

C₆-C₆₀aryl, preferably C₆-C₃₀aryl, more preferably C₆-C₂₄aryl and most preferably C₆-C₁₈aryl, which is unsubstituted or optionally can be substituted by G, is most preferably phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, naphthyl, especially 1-naphthyl, or 2-naphthyl, biphenylyl, triphenylyl, fluoranthenyl, terphenylyl, pyrenyl, 2- or 9-fluorenyl, phenanthryl, or anthryl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by G. Phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl are examples of a C₆-C₁₀aryl group.

C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl, preferably C₂-C₃₀heteroaryl, more preferably C₂-C₁₃ heteroaryl represents a ring with five, six or seven ring atoms or a condensed ring system, wherein nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur are the possible heteroatoms, and is typically a heterocyclic group with five to 60 atoms, preferably with five to 30 atoms, more preferably with five to 13 atoms having at least six conjugated t-electrons such as thienyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzothiophenyl, thianthrenyl, furyl, furfuryl, 2H-pyranyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, phenoxythienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, triazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolizinyl, chinolyl, isochinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, chinoxalinyl, chinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, carbolinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxazolyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, 4-imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoyl, 5-benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoyl, benzimidazolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazolyl, carbazolyl, azatriphenylyl, azadibenzofuryl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azacarbazolyl, quinolonyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenanthridinyl, benzo[h]quinolonyl, benz[h]isoquinolinyl, benzo[f]isoquinolinyl, benzo[f]quinolinyl, benzo[h]quinazolinyl, benzo[f]quinazolinyl, dibenzo[f,h]quinolonyl, dibenzo[f,h]isoquinolonyl, dibenzo[f,h]quinoxalinyl, dibenzo[f,h]quinazolinyl or phenoxazinyl, which can be unsubstituted or substituted by G. Benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-5-yl, benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2-yl, carbazolyl and dibenzofuranyl are examples of a C₂-C₁₄heteroaryl group.

The group C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl, preferably C₁-C₃₀heteroaryl, more preferably C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl, most preferably C₂-C₁₃ heteroaryl, even more preferably C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl, C₂-C₃₀heteroaryl, C₂-C₂₄heteroaryl, C₂-C₁₃heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted by G.

A C₂-C₁₃heteroaryl group is for example, benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-5-yl

benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2-yl

benzimidazolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzoxazole, carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl, or dibenzothiophenyl, which can be unsubstituted or substituted by G, especially by C₆-C₁₀aryl, or C₆-C₁₀aryl, which is substituted by C₁-C₄alkyl; or C₂-C₁₃heteroaryl.

C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl, preferably C₁-C₃₀heteroaryl, more preferably C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl, most preferably C₂-C₁₃ heteroaryl, even more preferably C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl, C₂-C₃₀heteroaryl, C₂-C₂₄heteroaryl, C₂-C₁₃heteroaryl means that the heteroaryl residue comprises at least one, preferably at least 2 carbon atoms and at most 60 carbon atoms in the base skeleton (without substituents). The further atoms in the heteroaryl base skeleton are heteroatoms (N, O and/or S).

R^(24′) is in each case independently C₁-C₁₈alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, octyl, or 2-ethyl-hexyl, or C₆-C₁₄aryl, such as phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, phenanthronyl, triphenylenyl, fluoranthenyl or biphenylyl.

C₁-C₂₄heterocyclic group, preferably C₁-C₁₃heterocyclic group, more preferably C₂-C₁₃ heterocyclic group represents a ring with five, six or seven ring atoms or a condensed ring system, wherein nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur are the possible heteroatoms, and is typically a heterocyclic group with five to 24 atoms, preferably with five to 13 atoms. The heterocyclic group may be a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group as defined above or a C₁-C₂₄heterocycloalkyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by G. Typical C₁-C₂₄heterocycloalkyl groups are oxetan, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, oxepane, dioxane, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexahydroazepine, hexahydrodiazepin, tetrahydrothiophene, thietan, tetrahydrothiopyran, thiepan, morpholine as well as bridged heterocycloalkyl systems such as oxabicyclo[4.4.0]decane and azabicyclo[2,2,1]undecane.

C₆-C₂₄arylene groups, preferably C₆-C₁₀arylene groups, which optionally can be substituted by G, preferably C₆-C₁₀arylene groups, which optionally can be substituted by G, are more preferably phenylene, 4-methylphenylene, 4-methoxyphenylene, naphthylene, especially 1-naphthylene, or 2-naphthylene, biphenylylene, triphenylylene, fluoranthenylene, terphenylylene, pyrenylene, 2- or 9-fluorenylene, phenanthrylene, or anthrylene, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by G. Preferred C₆-C₂₄arylen groups, preferably C₆-C₁₀arylene groups are 1,3-phenylene, 3,3′-biphenylylene, 3,3′-m-terphenylene, 2- or 9-fluorenylene, phenanthrylene, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by G.

C₂-C₃₀heteroarylene groups, preferably C₂-C₁₄heteroarylene groups, which are unsubstituted or optionally can be substituted by G, represent a ring with five to seven ring atoms or a condensed ring system, wherein nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur are the possible heteroatoms, and is typically a heterocyclic group with five to 30 atoms having at least six conjugated-electrons such as thienylene, benzothiophenylene, dibenzothiophenylene, thianthrenylene, furylene, furfurylene, 2H-pyranylene, benzofuranylene, isobenzofuranylene, dibenzofuranylene, phenoxythienylene, pyrrolylene, imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, pyridylene, bipyridylene, triazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrazinylene, pyridazinylene, indolizinylene, isoindolylene, indolylene, indazolylene, purinylene, quinolizinylene, chinolylene, isochinolylene, phthalazinylene, naphthyridinylene, chinoxalinylene, chinazolinylene, cinnolinylene, pteridinylene, carbolinylene, benzotriazolylene, benzoxazolylene, phenanthridinylene, acridinylene, pyrimidinylene, phenanthrolinylene, phenazinylene, isothiazolylene, phenothiazinylene, isoxazolylene, furazanylene, carbazolylene, benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2,5-ylene, or phenoxazinylene, which can be unsubstituted or substituted by G. Preferred C₂-C₃₀heteroarylen groups are pyridylene, triazinylene, pyrimidinylene, carbazolylene, dibenzofuranylene, azatriphenylylene, azadibenzofurylene, azadibenzothiophenylene, azacarbazolylene, quinolonylene, isoquinolinylene, quinoxalinylene, quinazolinylene, phenanthrolinylene, phenanthridinylene, benzo[h]quinolonylene, benz[h]isoquinolinylene, benzo[f]isoquinolinylene, benzo[f]quinolinylene, benzo[h]quinazolinylene, benzo[f]quinazolinylene, dibenzo[f,h]quinolonylene, dibenzo[f,h]isoquinolonylene, dibenzo[f,h]quinoxalinylene, dibenzo[f,h]quinazolinylene and benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2,5-ylene

which can be unsubstituted or substituted by G, preferably substituted by C₆-C₁₀aryl, C₆-C₁₀aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₄alkyl; or C₂-C₁₃heteroaryl.

If a substituent occurs more than one time in a group, it can be different in each occurrence.

Halo-C₁-C₈alkyl is an alkyl group (as defined above) where at least one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by a halogen atom. Examples are —CF₃, —CF₂CF₃, —CF₂CF₂CF₃, —CF(CF₃)₂, —(CF₂)₃CF₃, and —C(CF₃)₃.

The wording “substituted by G” means that one, or more, especially one, two or three substituents G might be present. Preferred substituents G are mentioned below.

The wording “substituted by E” means that one, or more, especially one, two or three substituents E might be present. Preferred substituents E are mentioned below.

As described above, the aforementioned alkyl groups may be substituted by E and/or, if desired, interrupted by D. Interruptions are of course possible only in the case of groups containing at least 2 carbon atoms connected to one another by single bonds; C₆-C₁₈aryl is not interrupted; interrupted arylalkyl contains the unit D in the alkyl moiety. C₁-C₁₈alkyl substituted by one or more E and/or interrupted by one or more units D is, for example, (CH₂CH₂O)₁₋₉—R^(x), where R^(x) is H or C₁-C₁₀alkyl or C₂-C₁₀alkanoyl (e.g. CO—CH(C₂H₅)C₄H₉), CH₂—CH(OR^(y′))—CH₂—O—R^(y), where R^(y) is C₁-C₁₈alkyl, C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₇-C₁₅phenylalkyl, and R^(y′) embraces the same definitions as R^(y) or is H.

An alkyl group substituted by E is, for example, an alkyl group where at least one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by F. Examples are —CF₃, —CF₂CF₃, —CF₂CF₂CF₃, —CF(CF₃)₂, —(CF₂)₃CF₃, and —C(CF₃)₃.

D is —CO—, —COO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO₂—, —O—, —NR⁶⁵—, —SiR⁷⁰R⁷¹—, —POR⁷²—, —CR⁶³═CR⁶⁴— or —C≡C. Suitable residues R⁶³, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵, R⁷⁰ R⁷¹ and R⁷² are mentioned above. D is preferably —CO—, —COO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO₂—, —O—, —NR⁶⁵—, wherein R⁶⁵ is preferably C₁-C₁₈alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or sec-butyl, or C₆-C₁₄aryl, such as

phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, triphenylyl or biphenylyl, or C₂-C₃₀heteroaryl, such as, for example, benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2-yl

carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl, which can be unsubstituted or substituted especially by C₆-C₁₀aryl, or C₆-C₁₀aryl, which is substituted by C₁-C₄alkyl; or C₂-C₁₃heteroaryl.

E is —OR⁶⁹, —SR⁶⁹, —NR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —COR⁶⁸, —COOR⁶⁷, —CONR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —CN, —Si(R⁷⁰)₃ or halogen. E is preferably —OR⁶⁹; —SR⁶⁹; —NR⁶⁵R⁶⁶; —COR⁶⁸; —COOR⁶⁷; —CON⁶⁵R⁶⁶; or —OCN; wherein R⁶⁵, R⁶⁶, R⁶⁷, R⁶⁸ and R⁶⁹ are preferably independently of each other C₁-C₁₈alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, octyl, or 2-ethyl-hexyl, or C₆-C₁₄aryl, such as phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, triphenylyl or biphenylyl.

G is E, or a C₁-C₂₄alkyl group, a C₆-C₃₀aryl group, a C₆-C₃₀aryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₂₄alkyl, or C₁-C₂₄alkyl which is interrupted by O; a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkyl which is interrupted by O. G is preferably —OR⁶⁹, —SR⁶⁹, —NR⁶⁵R⁶⁶; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by F, or C₁-C₁₈alkyl; a C₂-C₂₄heteroaryl group, or a C₂-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which is substituted by F, or C₁-C₁₈alkyl; wherein R⁶⁵, R⁶⁶ and R⁶⁹ are independently of each other C₁-C₁₈alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, octyl, or 2-ethyl-hexyl, or C₆-C₁₄aryl, such as phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, or biphenylyl. More preferably, G is a C₆-C₁₈aryl group like phenyl, tolyl, triphenylyl or biphenylyl, or a C₆-C₂₄heteroaryl group like dibenzothiophenylyl, dibenzofuranyl, pyridyl, triazinyl, pyrimidinyl, azatriphenylyl, azadibenzofuryl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azacarbazolyl, quinolonyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenanthridinyl, benzo[h]quinolonyl, benz[h]isoquinolinyl, benzo[f]isoquinolinyl, benzo[f]quinolinyl, benzo[h]quinazolinyl, benzo[f]quinazolinyl, dibenzo[f,h]quinolonyl, dibenzo[f,h]isoquinolonyl, dibenzo[f,h]quinoxalinyl or dibenzo[f,h]quinazolinyl.

R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸

R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸

are independently of each other H or a group of formula -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)-(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-R²⁰;

wherein at least one of the residues R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ represents or contains a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

two adjacent groups of the groups R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; e.g. two adjacent groups of the groups R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ may form a ring structure of the following formula:

wherein G is defined above, and y is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1, most preferably 0; and ˜ are bonding sites to the atoms to which the two adjacent groups of the groups R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ are bonded. Preferably, the two adjacent groups of the groups R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded an aromatic 6 membered ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G.

-   i) A benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted     or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group     which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the     formulae (2), (2′), (3) or (3′):

The expression “wherein at least one of the residues R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ represents or contains a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the formulae (2), (2′), (3) or (3′) has the meaning that one of said groups is present at any position of the residues R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸, which are defined as -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-R²⁰, i.e. at least one, preferably one, of the groups A¹, A², A³ or A⁴—if present—or the residue R²⁰ represents or contains, preferably represents, a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the formulae (2), (2′), (3) or (3′).

More preferably, one of the groups A¹, A², A³ or A⁴—if present—represents a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the formulae (2) or (3); or R²⁰ represents a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the formulae (2′) or (3′). Most preferably, R²⁰ is a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the formulae (2′) or (3′). Preferred groups of a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; and a group of one of the formulae (2), (2′), (3) or (3′) are defined below.

The groups A¹, A², A³ and A⁴, the indices o, p, q and r and the residue R²⁰, which do not mandatorily contain or represent a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; and a group of one of the formulae (2), (2′), (3) or (3′), are defined above and preferred groups A¹, A², A³ and A⁴, indices o, p, q and r and the residue R²⁰ which do not mandatorily contain or represent a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; and a group of one of the formulae (2), (2′), (3) or (3′), are defined below.

A benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G;

A benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group is preferably a group of the following formula:

wherein

R^(a) and R^(b); and R^(a′) and R^(b′) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and/or

two adjacent groups R^(a) and/or two adjacent groups R^(b); and/or two adjacent groups R^(a′) and/or two adjacent groups R^(b′) may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

preferably R^(a) and R^(b); and R^(a′) and R^(b′) are independently of each other H, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by one or two phenyl groups or a group of the following formula:

wherein ˜ is a bonding site and the aforementioned groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by G; more preferably, the aforementioned groups are unsubstituted; more preferably, R^(a) and R^(b); and R^(a′) and R^(b′) are H or CN, most preferably H;

R^(c) is a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

preferably R^(c) is phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by one or two phenyl groups or a group of the following formula:

wherein ˜ is a bonding site and the aforementioned groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by G; more preferably, the aforementioned groups are unsubstituted; more preferably R^(c) is phenyl;

a′, b′ are independently of each other 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, and more preferably 0 or 1;

the dotted lines are bonding sites.

Most preferably, the benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group is benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-5-yl

or benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2-yl

wherein R^(c) has been defined before and ˜ is a bonding site.

A benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group is preferably a group of the following formula:

wherein

R^(a″) and R^(b″); and R^(a′″) and R^(b′″) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and/or

two adjacent groups R^(a″) and/or two adjacent groups R^(b″); and/or two adjacent groups R^(a′″) and/or two adjacent groups R^(b′″) may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

preferably R^(a″) and R^(b″); and R^(a′″) and R^(b′″) are independently of each other H, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by one or two phenyl groups or a group of the following formula:

wherein ˜ is a bonding site and the aforementioned groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by G; more preferably, the aforementioned groups are unsubstituted; more preferably, R^(a″) and R^(b″); and R^(a′″) and R^(b′″) are H or CN, most preferably H;

R^(c) is a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

Preferably R^(c) is phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by one or two phenyl groups or a group of the following formula:

wherein the aforementioned groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by G; more preferably, the aforementioned groups are unsubstituted; more preferably R^(c) is phenyl;

a′, b′ are independently of each other 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, and more preferably 0 or 1;

˜ and the dotted lines are bonding sites.

Most preferably, the benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group is benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2,5-diyl

benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-5,8-diyl

or benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2,8-yl

wherein R^(c) has been defined before and ˜ is a bonding site. Benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2,5-diyl, and benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2,8-yl are more preferred.

The groups G, E and D are defined above.

A group of one of the formulae (2), (2′), (3) or (3′):

wherein

X is O, S, NR¹³, CR³⁰R³¹ or SiR³⁰R³¹; preferably O, S, NR¹³ or CR³⁰R³¹; more preferably O, S or NR¹³; most preferably NR¹³.

Y is N, CR³⁰ or SiR³⁰, preferably N;

R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁵

are independently of each other H or a group of the following formula -(A^(1′))_(o′)-(A^(2′))_(p′)-(A^(3′))_(q′)-(A^(4′))_(r′)-R^(20′); the groups A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′) and A^(4′), the indices o′, p′, q′ and r′ and the residue R^(20′) are defined above and preferred groups A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′) and A^(4′), indices o′, p′, q′ and r′ and the residue R^(20′) are defined below;

preferably R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

two adjacent groups R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and/or R¹⁵ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

preferably, R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently of each other H, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by one or two phenyl groups or a group of the following formula:

wherein ˜ is a bonding site and the aforementioned groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by G; more preferably, the aforementioned groups are unsubstituted; more preferably, R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are H or CN, most preferably H;

R¹³ is a group of the formula -(A^(5′))_(s′)-(A^(6′))_(t′)-(A^(7′))_(u)-(A^(8′))_(v′)-R^(21′);

the groups A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′), the indices s′, t′, u′ and v′ and the residue R^(21′) are defined above and preferred groups A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′), indices s′, t′, u′ and v′ and the residue R^(21′) are defined below;

preferably, R¹³ is a -(A^(5′))_(s′)-C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; a -(A^(5′))_(s′)-C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a -(A^(5′))_(s′)-C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; wherein A^(5′) and s′ are defined above, preferably A^(5′) is 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene and s′ is 0 or 1; even more preferably, R¹³ is

wherein

A is O or S;

R¹⁶, R^(16′), R^(16″), R^(16′″), R¹⁷, R^(17′) and R^(17′″) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; or CN;

or

two adjacent groups R¹⁶, R¹⁶, R^(16″), R^(16′″), R¹⁷, R^(17″) and R^(17′″) may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure which may be substituted by G; or

wherein

X¹, X² and X³ are independently of each other CR²² or N, wherein in formula (8) at least one of X¹ to X³ is N, and wherein in formulae (9) and (10) at least one of X¹ and X³ is N;

Ar₁ and Ar₂ are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group, which is optionally substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group, which is optionally substituted by G;

R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and R²² are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or CN; preferably, H; or

R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵ and R²⁶ are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or a substituent E;

preferably, H or CN, more preferably H;

e is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; preferably 0, 1, 2 or 3; more preferably 0, 1 or 2;

f is 0, 1, 2 or 3; preferably 0, 1 or 2; more preferably 0;

g is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably 0, 1 or 2; more preferably 0 or 1;

h is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1; more preferably 0;

or

two adjacent groups R²³, R²⁴ R²⁵ or R²⁶ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure which may be substituted by G,

wherein ˜ is a bonding site to a group -(A⁵)_(s)-, which group -(A⁵)_(s)- is bonded to a neighboring group, wherein the group -(A⁵)_(s)- is defined above and is preferably 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene or a single bond, more preferably a single bond;

most preferably R¹³ is -(A^(5′))_(s′)-phenyl which is substituted by one or two phenyl groups or a group of one of the following formulae:

wherein ˜ is a bonding site which is bonded to a group -(A^(5′))_(s′)- which group -(A^(5′))_(s′)- is bonded to a neighboring group, and the aforementioned groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by G; more preferably, the aforementioned groups are unsubstituted;

wherein

X¹, X² and X³ are independently of each other CR²² or N, wherein in formula (8) at least one of X¹ to X³ is N, and wherein in formulae (9) and (10) at least one of X¹ and X³ is N;

Ar₁ and Ar₂ are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group, which is optionally substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group, which is optionally substituted by G;

R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and R²² are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or CN; preferably, H;

˜ is a bonding site which is bonded to a group -(A^(5′))_(s′)- which group -(A^(5′))_(s′)- is bonded to a neighboring group, or

R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵ and R²⁶ are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or a substituent E;

preferably, H or CN, more preferably H;

k, l and n are independently of each other 0, 1, 2 or 3; preferably 0, 1 or 2; more preferably 0 or 1; most preferably 0;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably 0, 1, 2 or 3; more preferably 0, 1 or 2; most preferably 0 or 1; especially most preferably 0;

l′ and n′ are independently of each other 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably 0, 1, 2 or 3; more preferably 0, 1 or 2; most preferably 0 or 1; especially most preferably 0;

R³⁰ and R³¹ are a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and/or

two adjacent groups of the groups R³⁰ and R³¹ may form together with the atom to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

preferably, R³⁰ and R³¹ are a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; even more preferably a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, even most preferably a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and or interrupted by D; preferred alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups are mentioned above;

and/or

two adjacent groups of the groups R³⁰ and R³¹ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; preferably fluorenyl.

The groups G, E and D are defined above.

Preferably, at least one of the residues R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ represents or contains abenzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G, or a group of one of the formulae (2′) or (3′) wherein the groups, residues and indices as well as preferred groups, residues and indices X, Y, R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴, R¹⁵, k, l′, m and n′, and preferred benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl groups are defined above.

More preferably, at least one of the residues R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ represents one of the following groups:

an -L-benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

wherein

L is -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-.

The groups, residues and indices as well as preferred groups, residues and indices X, Y, R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴, R¹⁵, k, l′, m and n′, and preferred benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl groups are defined above.

The groups A¹, A², A³ and A⁴ and the indices o, p, q and r are defined above and preferred groups A¹, A², A³ and A⁴ and indices o, p, q and r are defined below.

In a preferred embodiment, L is 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene or a single bond, more preferably a single bond. This means that—in a preferred embodiment one of o, p, q or r is 0 or 1 and the other three of o, p, q or r are 0; and—in the case that one of o, p, q or r is 1, one of the groups A¹, A², A³ or A⁴ is 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene. More preferably, o, p, q and r are 0.

-   ii) H or a group of formula -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)-(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-R²⁰

The residue(s) R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ which do not mandatorily represent or contain a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the formulae (2), (2′), (3) or (3′),

are independently of each other H or a group of formula -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)-(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-R²⁰.

The groups and indices A¹, A², A³ and A⁴, o, p, q and r and the residue R²⁰ are defined above and preferred groups and indices A¹, A², A³ and A⁴, o, p, q and r and the residue R²⁰ are defined below.

Preferably, at least the residues R⁵ or R⁶, most preferably R⁶, represents or contains a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites.

The groups, residues and indices as well as preferred groups, residues and indices X, Y, R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴, R¹⁵, k, l′, m and n′, and preferred benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl groups are defined above.

The residue R⁶ and preferred embodiments of the residue R⁶ are mentioned above.

R⁹

R⁹ is a group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹;

o is 0 or 1, p is 0 or 1, q is 0 or 1, r is 0 or 1;

s is 0 or 1, t is 0 or 1, u is 0 or 1, v is 0 or 1;

The groups A⁵, A⁶, A⁷ and A⁸, the indices s, t, u and v and the residue R²¹ are defined above and preferred groups A⁵, A⁶, A⁷ and A⁸, indices s, t, u and v and the residue R²¹ are defined below;

preferably, R⁹ is a -(A⁵)_(s)-C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; a -(A⁵)_(s)-C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a -(A⁵)_(s)-C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, wherein A⁵ and s are defined above, preferably A⁵ is 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene and s is 0 or 1;

more preferably, R⁹ is

wherein

A is O or S;

R¹⁶, R^(16′), R^(16″), R^(16′″), R¹⁷, R^(17″) and R^(17′″) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; or CN;

or

two adjacent groups R¹⁶, R¹⁶, R^(16″), R^(16′″), R¹⁷, R^(17″) and R^(17′″) may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure which may be substituted by G; or

wherein

X¹, X² and X³ are independently of each other CR²² or N, wherein in formula (8) at least one of X¹ to X³ is N, and wherein in formulae (9) and (10) at least one of X¹ and X³ is N;

Ar₁ and Ar₂ are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group, which is optionally substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group, which is optionally substituted by G;

R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and R²² are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or CN; preferably, H; or

R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵ and R²⁶ are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or a substituent E;

preferably, H or CN, more preferably H;

e is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; preferably 0, 1, 2 or 3; more preferably 0, 1 or 2;

f is 0, 1, 2 or 3; preferably 0, 1 or 2; more preferably 0;

g is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably 0, 1 or 2; more preferably 0 or 1;

h is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1; more preferably 0;

or

two adjacent groups R²³, R²⁴ R²⁵ or R²⁶ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure which may be substituted by G,

wherein ˜ is a bonding site to a group -(A⁵)_(s)-, which group -(A⁵)_(s)- is bonded to a neighboring group, wherein the group -(A⁵)_(s)- is defined above and is preferably 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene or a single bond, more preferably a single bond;

most preferably R⁹ is -(A⁵)_(s)-phenyl, -(A⁵)_(s)-phenyl which is substituted by one or two phenyl groups or a group of the following formula:

wherein ˜ is a bonding site which is bonded to a group -(A⁵)_(s)- which group -(A⁵)_(s)- is bonded to a neighboring group, and the aforementioned groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by G; more preferably, the aforementioned groups are unsubstituted, wherein A⁵ and s are defined above, preferably A⁵ is 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene and s is 0 or 1;

wherein

X¹, X² and X³ are independently of each other CR²² or N, wherein in formula (8) at least one of X¹ to X³ is N, and wherein in formulae (9) and (10) at least one of X¹ and X³ is N;

Ar₁ and Ar₂ are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group, which is optionally substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group, which is optionally substituted by G;

R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and R²² are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or CN; preferably, H;

wherein ˜ is a bonding site which is bonded to a group -(A⁵)_(s)- which group -(A⁵)_(s)- is bonded to a neighboring group, wherein A⁵ and s are defined above, preferably A⁵ is 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene and s is 0 or 1; or

R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵ and R²⁶ are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or a substituent E; preferably, H or CN, more preferably H;

wherein ˜ is a bonding site which is bonded to a group -(A⁵)_(s)- which group -(A⁵)_(s)- is bonded to a neighboring group, wherein A⁵ and s are defined above, preferably A⁵ is 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene and s is 0 or 1;

the groups G, E and D are defined above.

A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′)

A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄arylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₂-C₃₀heteroarylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G.

Preferably, A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) are independently of each other C₆-C₂₄arylene groups, which optionally can be substituted by G, selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene, especially 1-naphthylene, or 2-naphthylene, biphenylene, triphenylene, terphenylene, pyrenylene, 2- or 9-fluorenylene, phenanthrylene, or anthrylene, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by G; or

C₅-C₂₄heteroarylen groups, which optionally can be substituted by G, characterized by a ring with five to seven ring atoms or a condensed ring system, wherein nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur are the possible heteroatoms, and having at least six conjugated-electrons, preferably selected from benzothiophenylene, thianthrenylene, furylene, furfurylene, 2H-pyranylene, benzofuranylene, isobenzofuranylene, dibenzofuranylene

dibenzothiophenylene

carbazolylene

imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, pyridylene, bipyridylene, triazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrazinylene, pyridazinylene, indolizinylene, isoindolylene, indolylene, indazolylene, purinylene, quinolizinylene, chinolylene, isochinolylene, phthalazinylene, naphthyridinylene, chinoxalinylene, chinazolinylene, cinnolinylene, pteridinylene, carbolinylene, benzotriazolylene, benzoxazolylene, phenanthridinylene, pyrimidinylene, benzimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazo-2,5-ylene, which can be unsubstituted or substituted by G; R²⁷ is a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, or a C₂-C₃₀heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; wherein the lines are bonding sites;

which can be unsubstituted or substituted by G;

R⁶⁵ is a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—, preferably C₁-C₁₈alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, octyl, or 2-ethyl-hexyl, or C₆-C₁₄aryl, such as phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, or biphenylyl;

R²⁸ a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; and/or two adjacent groups of the groups R²⁸ may form together with the atom to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; R¹³⁰ is independently in each occurrence H or C₆-C₂₄arylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₂-C₃₀heteroarylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G; wherein G is as defined in above; wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites;

wherein (C)- has the meaning that the bonding site of the group A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) is linked to a C-atom, and (N)- has the meaning that the bonding site of the group A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) is linked to a N-atom, and (C,N) has the meaning that the bonding site of the group A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) is linked to a C or N-atom.

A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) are more preferably in each occurrence independently of each other a group of the formula:

preferably

preferably

wherein (C)- has the meaning that the bonding site of the group A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) is linked to a C-atom, and (N)- has the meaning that the bonding site of the group A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) is linked to a N-atom, and (C,N) has the meaning that the bonding site of the group A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) is linked to a C or N-atom; and the dotted lines are bonding sites.

A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) are most preferably in each occurrence independently of each other a group of the formula:

wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites.

Further most preferably, A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) are in each occurrence independently of each other 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene.

o is 0 or 1, p is 0 or 1, q is 0 or 1, r is 0 or 1; preferably, o is 0 or 1, p is 0 or 1 and q and r are 0, more preferably, o is 0 or 1 and p, q and r are 0, most preferably o, p, q and r are 0.

s is 0 or 1, t is 0 or 1, u is 0 or 1, v is 0 or 1; preferably, s is 0 or 1, t is 0 or 1 and u and v are 0, more preferably, s is 0 or 1 and t, u and v are 0, most preferably s, t, u and v are 0.

o′ is 0 or 1, p′ is 0 or 1, q′ is 0 or 1, r′ is 0 or 1; preferably, o′ is 0 or 1, p′ is 0 or 1 and q′ and r′ are 0, more preferably, o′ is 0 or 1 and p′, q′ and r′ are 0, most preferably o′, p′, q′ and r′ are 0.

s′ is 0 or 1, t′ is 0 or 1, u′ is 0 or 1, v′ is 0 or 1; preferably, s′ is 0 or 1, t′ is 0 or 1 and u′ and v′ are 0, more preferably, s′ is 0 or 1 and t′, u′ and v′ are 0, most preferably s′, t′, u′ and v′ are 0.

R²⁰, R^(20′), R²¹ and R^(21′)

R²⁰ and R^(20′) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G.

R²¹ and R^(21′) are independently of each other a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G.

The groups G, E and D are defined above.

Preferably, R²⁰, R²⁰ are independently of each other H, or have the same definition as R²¹ and R^(21′) mentioned below:

Preferably, R²¹, R²¹ are independently of each other

wherein

A is O, S or NR⁶⁵; preferably O or S;

R⁶⁵ is a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; an aryl group comprising a total of 7 to 30 carbon atoms, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

R¹⁶, R^(16′), R^(16″), R^(16′″), R¹⁷, R^(17″) and R^(17′″) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

or

two adjacent groups R¹⁶, R¹⁶, R^(16″), R^(16′″), R¹⁷, R^(17″) and R^(17′″) may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure which may be substituted by G; or

wherein

X¹, X² and X³ are independently of each other CR²² or N, wherein in formula (8) at least one of X¹ to X³ is N, and wherein in formulae (9) and (10) at least one of X¹ and X³ is N;

Ar₁ and Ar₂ are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group, which is optionally substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group, which is optionally substituted by G;

R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and R²² are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; preferably, H; or

R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵ and R²⁶ are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or a substituent E;

preferably, H or CN, more preferably H;

e is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; preferably 0, 1, 2 or 3; more preferably 0, 1 or 2;

f is 0, 1, 2 or 3; preferably 0, 1 or 2; more preferably 0;

g is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably 0, 1 or 2; more preferably 0 or 1;

h is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1; more preferably 0;

or

two adjacent groups R²³, R²⁴ R²⁵ or R²⁶ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure which may be substituted by G,

wherein ˜ is a bonding site.

Preferred groups (4), (5), (6) and (7) are:

wherein A is O or S;

wherein ˜ is a bonding site.

Most preferred groups (4), (5), (6) and (7) are:

wherein ˜ is a bonding site.

Preferred groups (8), (9) and (10) are:

wherein

Ar₁ and Ar₂ are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group, which is optionally substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group, which is optionally substituted by G;

˜ are bonding sites to the neighboring groups.

The group G is described above.

Preferably, Ar₁ and Ar₂ are unsubstituted phenyl or a group of the following formula

wherein

˜ are bonding sites to the neighboring groups.

Most preferably, Ar₁ and Ar₂ are unsubstituted phenyl.

Most preferably, the groups (8), (9) and (10) are

wherein

the dotted lines are bonding sites to the neighboring groups.

Preferred groups (11), (12), (13), (14) and (15) are

wherein

˜ are bonding sites to the neighboring groups.

Most preferred groups (11), (12), (13), (14) and (15) are:

wherein

˜ are bonding sites to the neighboring groups.

Most preferably, R²⁰, R²⁰ are independently of each other H, or have the same definition as R²¹ and R^(21′) mentioned below:

Most preferably, R²¹ and R^(21′) are independently of each other

wherein

˜ and the dotted lines are bonding sites to the neighboring groups.

R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷

R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷ are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and/or

two adjacent groups of the groups R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; e.g. two adjacent groups of the groups R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷ may form a ring structure of the following formula:

wherein G is defined above, and y is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1, most preferably 0; and ˜ are bonding sites to the atoms to which the two adjacent groups of the groups R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷ are bonded. Preferably, the two adjacent groups of the groups R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded an aromatic 6 membered ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G.

More preferably, R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷ are independently of each other H, or a group of one of the following formulae: (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14) and (15) as mentioned in the definition of R²⁰, R^(20′), R²¹ and R^(21′).

More and most preferred groups (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14) and (15) are also mentioned in the definition of R²⁰, R^(20′), R²¹ and R^(21′).

Most preferably, R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷ are independently of each other

wherein

˜ and the dotted lines are bonding sites to the neighboring groups.

Even most preferably, R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷ are H.

Heterocyclic Derivatives of Formula (1)

The heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1) are described above.

Preferred are heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1), wherein at least one residue R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ represents a group of formula (L-2′), wherein all residues, groups and indices of the group of formula (2′) are mentioned above. Preferably L is 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene or a single bond, more preferably L is a single bond.

In a further embodiment heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1) are preferred, wherein at least one residue R⁶ or R⁵, more preferably R⁶, represents a group of formula (L-2′), wherein all residues, groups and indices of the group of formula (2′) are mentioned above. Preferably L is 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene or a single bond, more preferably L is a single bond.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula (1) are therefore represented by formula (16), formula (17), formula (18), formula (19), formula (20), formula (21), formula (22), formula (23), formula (24), formula (25), formula (26) or formula (27):

wherein X is O, S, NR¹³, more preferably NR¹³. R¹³ is defined above.

Suitable and preferred residues R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³ suitable and preferred indices k and l and a suitable and preferred group X of the compounds of formula (16), formula (17), formula (18), formula (19), formula (20), formula (21), formula (22), formula (23), formula (24), formula (25), formula (26) and formula (27) are the residues, indices and groups mentioned before.

More preferred compounds of formula (1) are represented by formula (18), formula (19), formula (22), formula (23), formula (24), formula (25), formula (26) and formula (27). A further more preferred compound of formula (1) is represented by formula (16).

More preferred compounds of formula (1) are represented by formula (23), formula (24), formula (25) and formula (26). Further even more preferred compounds of formula (1) is represented by formula (16) and formula (19).

Even more preferred compounds of formula (1) are represented by formula (23), and formula (24).

In a further preferred embodiment, the compounds of formula (1) are represented by formula (16), formula (19) and formula (23), an even more preferred compound of formula (1) is represented by formula (23).

Further even more preferred compounds of formula (1) are:

wherein X is O, S or NR¹³, more preferably NR¹³; and R⁹ and R¹³ are as defined above.

More preferred compounds of formula (1) are represented by formula (18′), formula (19′), formula (22′), formula (23′), formula (24′), formula (25′), formula (26′) and formula (27′), wherein X is O, S or NR¹³, more preferably NR¹³; and R⁹ and R¹³ are as defined above. Further more preferred compounds of formula (1) are represented by formula (16′), wherein X is O, S or NR¹³ more preferably NR¹³; and R⁹ and R¹³ are as defined above.

More preferred compounds of formula (1) are represented by formula (23′), formula (24′), formula (25′) and formula (26′), wherein X is O, S or NR¹³, more preferably NR¹³; and R⁹ and R¹³ are as defined above. Further more preferred compounds of formula (1) are represented by formula (16′) and formula (19′), wherein X is O, S or NR¹³, more preferably NR¹³; and R⁹ and R¹³ are as defined above.

Even more preferred compounds of formula (1) are represented by formula (24′), formula (25′).

Specific examples of the compounds represented by the formula (1) are given below. The compounds represented by the formula (1) are not limited to the following specific examples.

(23″)

(19″)

(16″) Nr. Nr. Nr. R⁹ R¹³ 23″-1 19″-1 16″-1 Ph

23″-2 19″-2 16″-2 Ph

23″-3 19″-3 16″-3 Ph

23″-4 19″-4 16″-4 Ph

23″-5 19″-5 16″-5 Ph

23″-6 19″-6 16″-6 Ph

23″-7 19″-7 16″-7 Ph

23″-8 19″-8 16″-8 Ph

23″-9 19″-9 16″-9 Ph

23″-10 19″-10 16″-10 Ph

23″-11 19″-11 16″-11 Ph

23″-12 19″-12 16″-12 Ph

23″-13 19″-13 16″-13 Ph

23″-14 19″-14 16″-14 Ph

23″-15 19″-15 16″-15 Ph

23″-16 19″-16 16″-16 Ph

23″-17 19″-17 16″-17 Ph

23″-18 19″-18 16″-18 Ph

23″-19 19″-19 16″-19 Ph

23″-20 19″-20 16″-20 Ph

23″-21 19″-21 16″-21 Ph

23″-22 19″-22 16″-22 Ph

23″-23 19″-23 16″-23 Ph

23″-24 19″-24 16″-24 Ph

23″-25 19″-25 16″-25 Ph

23″-26 19″-26 16″-26 Ph

23″-27 19″-27 16″-27 Ph

23″-28 19″-28 16″-28 Ph

23″-29 19″-29 16″-29 Ph

23″-30 19″-30 16″-30 Ph

23″-31 19″-31 16″-31 Ph

23″-32 19″-32 16″-32 Ph

23″-33 19″-33 16″-33 Ph

23″-34 19″-34 16″-34 Ph

23″-35 19″-35 16″-35 Ph

23″-36 19″-36 16″-36 Ph

23″-37 19″-37 16″-37 Ph

23″-38 19″-38 16″-38 Ph

23″-39 19″-39 16″-39 Ph

23″-40 19″-40 16″-40 Ph

23″-41 19″-41 16″-41 Ph

23″-42 19″-42 16″-42 Ph

23″-43 19″-43 16″-43 Ph

23″-44 19″-44 16″-44 Ph

23″-45 19″-45 16″-45 Ph

23″-46 19″-46 16″-46 Ph

23″-47 19″-47 16″-47 Ph

23″-48 19″-48 16″-48 Ph

23″-49 19″-49 16″-49 Ph

23″-50 19″-50 16″-50 Ph

23″-51 19″-51 16″-51 Ph

23″-52 19″-52 16″-52 Ph

23″-53 19″-53 16″-53 Ph

23″-54 19″-54 16″-54 Ph

23″-55 19″-55 16″-55 Ph

23″-56 19″-56 16″-56 Ph

23″-57 19″-57 16″-57 Ph

23″-58 19″-58 16″-58 Ph

23″-59 19″-59 16″-59 Ph

23″-60 19″-60 16″-60 Ph

23″-61 19″-61 16″-61 Ph

23″-62 19″-62 16″-62 Ph

23″-63 19″-63 16″-63 Ph

23″-64 19″-64 16″-64 Ph

23″-65 19″-65 16″-65 Ph

23″-66 19″-66 16″-66 Ph

23″-67 19″-67 16″-67 Ph

23″-68 19″-68 16″-68 Ph

23″-69 19″-69 16″-69 Ph

23″-70 19″-70 16″-70

23″-71 19″-71 16″-71

23″-72 19″-72 16″-72

23″-73 19″-73 16″-73

23″-74 19″-74 16″-74

23″-75 19″-75 16″-75

23″-76 19″-76 16″-76

23″-77 19″-77 16″-77

23″-78 19″-78 16″-78

23″-79 19″-79 16″-79

23″-80 19″-80 16″-80

23″-81 19″-81 16″-81

23″-82 19″-82 16″-82

23″-83 19″-83 16″-83

23″-84 19″-84 16″-84

23″-85 19″-85 16″-85

23″-86 19″-86 16″-86

23″-87 19″-87 16″-87

23″-88 19″-88 16″-88

23″-89 19″-89 16″-89

23″-90 19″-90 16″-90

23″-91 19″-91 16″-91

23″-92 19″-92 16″-92

23″-93 19″-93 16″-93

23″-94 19″-94 16″-94

23″-95 19″-95 16″-95

23″-96 19″-96 16″-96

23″-97 19″-97 16″-97

23″-98 19″-98 16″-98

23″-99 19″-99 16″-99

23″-100 19″-100 16″-100

23″-101 19″-101 16″-101

23″-102 19″-102 16″-102

23″-103 19″-103 16″-103

23″-104 19″-104 16″-104

23″-105 19″-105 16″-105

23″-106 19″-106 16″-106

23″-107 19″-107 16″-107

23″-108 19″-108 16″-108

23″-109 19″-109 16″-109

23″-110 19″-110 16″-110

23″-111 19″-111 16″-111

23″-112 19″-112 16″-112

23″-113 19″-113 16″-113

23″-114 19″-114 16″-114

23″-115 19″-115 16″-115

23″-116 19″-116 16″-116

23″-117 19″-117 16″-117

23″-118 19″-118 16″-118

23″-119 19″-119 16″-119

23″-120 19″-120 16″-120

23″-121 19″-121 16″-121

23″-122 19″-122 16″-122

23″-123 19″-123 16″-123

23″-124 19″-124 16″-124

23″-125 19″-125 16″-125

23″-126 19″-126 16″-126

23″-127 19″-127 16″-127

23″-128 19″-128 16″-128

23″-129 19″-129 16″-129

23″-130 19″-130 16″-130

23″-131 19″-131 16″-131

23″-132 19″-132 16″-132

23″-133 19″-133 16″-133

23″-134 19″-134 16″-134

23″-135 19″-135 16″-135

23″-136 19″-136 16″-136

23″-137 19″-137 16″-137

23″-138 19″-138 16″-138

23″-139 19″-139 16″-139

23″-140 19″-140 16″-140

23″-141 19″-141 16″-141

23″-142 19″-142 16″-142

23″-143 19″-143 16″-143

23″-144 19″-144 16″-144

23″-145 19″-145 16″-145

23″-146 19″-146 16″-146

23″-147 19″-147 16″-147

23″-148 19″-148 16″-148

23″-149 19″-149 16″-149

23″-150 19″-150 16″-150

23″-151 19″-151 16″-151

23″-152 19″-152 16″-152

23″-153 19″-153 16″-153

23″-154 19″-154 16″-154

23″-155 19″-155 16″-155

23″-156 19″-156 16″-156

23″-157 19″-157 16″-157

23″-158 19″-158 16″-158

23″-159 19″-159 16″-159

23″-160 19″-160 16″-160

23″-161 19″-161 16″-161

23″-162 19″-162 16″-162

23″-163 19″-163 16″-163

23″-164 19″-164 16″-164

23″-165 19″-165 16″-165

23″-166 19″-166 16″-166

23″-167 19″-167 16″-167

23″-168 19″-168 16″-168

23″-169 19″-169 16″-169

23″-170 19″-170 16″-170

23″-171 19″-171 16″-171

23″-172 19″-172 16″-172

23″-173 19″-173 16″-173

23″-174 19″-174 16″-174

23″-175 19″-175 16″-175

23″-176 19″-176 16″-176

23″-177 19″-177 16″-177

23″-178 19″-178 16″-178

23″-179 19″-179 16″-179

23″-180 19″-180 16″-180

23″-181 19″-181 16″-181

23″-182 19″-182 16″-182

23″-183 19″-183 16″-183

23″-184 19″-184 16″-184

23″-185 19″-185 16″-185

23″-186 19″-186 16″-186

23″-187 19″-187 16″-187

23″-188 19″-188 16″-188

23″-189 19″-189 16″-189

23″-190 19″-190 16″-190

23″-191 19″-191 16″-191

23″-192 19″-192 16″-192

23″-193 19″-193 16″-193

23″-194 19″-194 16″-194

23″-195 19″-195 16″-195

23″-196 19″-196 16″-196

23″-197 19″-197 16″-197

23″-198 19″-198 16″-198

23″-199 19″-199 16″-199

23″-200 19″-200 16″-200

23″-201 19″-201 16″-201

23″-202 19″-202 16″-202

23″-203 19″-203 16″-203

23″-204 19″-204 16″-204

23″-205 19″-205 16″-205

23″-206 19″-206 16″-206

23″-207 19″-207 16″-207

23″-208 19″-208 16″-208

23″-209 19″-209 16″-209

23″-210 19″-210 16″-210

23″-211 19″-211 16″-211

23″-212 19″-212 16″-212

23″-213 19″-213 16″-213

23″-214 19″-214 16″-214

23″-215 19″-215 16″-215

23″-216 19″-216 16″-216

23″-217 19″-217 16″-217

23″-218 19″-218 16″-218

23″-219 19″-219 16″-219

23″-220 19″-220 16″-220

23″-221 19″-221 16″-221

23″-222 19″-222 16″-222

23″-223 19″-223 16″-223

23″-224 19″-224 16″-224

23″-225 19″-225 16″-225

23″-226 19″-226 16″-226

23″-227 19″-227 16″-227

23″-228 19″-228 16″-228

23″-229 19″-229 16″-229

23″-230 19″-230 16″-230

23″-231 19″-231 16″-231

23″-232 19″-232 16″-232

23″-233 19″-233 16″-233

23″-234 19″-234 16″-234

23″-235 19″-235 16″-235

23″-236 19″-236 16″-236

23″-237 19″-237 16″-237

23″-238 19″-238 16″-238

23″-239 19″-239 16″-239

23″-240 19″-240 16″-240

23″-241 19″-241 16″-241

23″-242 19″-242 16″-242

23″-243 19″-243 16″-243

23″-244 19″-244 16″-244

23″-245 19″-245 16″-245

23″-246 19″-246 16″-246

23″-247 19″-247 16″-247

23″-248 19″-248 16″-248

23″-249 19″-249 16″-249

23″-250 19″-250 16″-250

23″-251 19″-251 16″-251

23″-252 19″-252 16″-252

23″-253 19″-253 16″-253

23″-254 19″-254 16″-254

23″-255 19″-255 16″-255

23″-256 19″-256 16″-256

23″-257 19″-257 16″-257

23″-258 19″-258 16″-258

23″-259 19″-259 16″-259

23″-260 19″-260 16″-260

23″-261 19″-261 16″-261

23″-262 19″-262 16″-262

23″-263 19″-263 16″-263

23″-264 19″-264 16″-264

23″-265 19″-265 16″-265

23″-266 19″-266 16″-266

23″-267 19″-267 16″-267

23″-268 19″-268 16″-268

23″-269 19″-269 16″-269

23″-270 19″-270 16″-270

23″-271 19″-271 16″-271

23″-272 19″-272 16″-272

23″-273 19″-273 16″-273

23″-274 19″-274 16″-274

23″-275 19″-275 16″-275

23″-276 19″-276 16″-276

23″-277 19″-277 16″-277

23″-278 19″-278 16″-278

23″-279 19″-279 16″-279

23″-280 19″-280 16″-280

23″-281 19″-281 16″-281

23″-282 19″-282 16″-282

23″-283 19″-283 16″-283

23″-284 19″-284 16″-284

23″-285 19″-285 16″-285

23″-286 19″-286 16″-286

23″-287 19″-287 16″-287

23″-288 19″-288 16″-288

23″-289 19″-289 16″-289

23″-290 19″-290 16″-290

23″-291 19″-291 16″-291

23″-292 19″-292 16″-292

23″-293 19″-293 16″-293

23″-294 19″-294 16″-294

23″-295 19″-295 16″-295

23″-296 19″-296 16″-296

23″-297 19″-297 16″-297

23″-298 19″-298 16″-298

23″-299 19″-299 16″-299

23″-300 19″-300 16″-300

23″-301 19″-301 16″-301

23″-302 19″-302 16″-302

23″-303 19″-303 16″-303

23″-304 19″-304 16″-304

23″-305 19″-305 16″-305

23″-306 19″-306 16″-306

23″-307 19″-307 16″-307

23″-308 19″-308 16″-308

23″-309 19″-309 16″-309

23″-310 19″-310 16″-310

23″-311 19″-311 16″-311

23″-312 19″-312 16″-312

23″-313 19″-313 16″-313

23″-314 19″-314 16″-314

23″-315 19″-315 16″-315

23″-316 19″-316 16″-316

23″-317 19″-317 16″-317

23″-318 19″-318 16″-318

23″-319 19″-319 16″-319

23″-320 19″-320 16″-320

23″-321 19″-321 16″-321

23″-322 19″-322 16″-322

23″-323 19″-323 16″-323

23″-324 19″-324 16″-324

23″-325 19″-325 16″-325

23″-326 19″-326 16″-326

23″-327 19″-327 16″-327

23″-328 19″-328 16″-328

23″-329 19″-329 16″-329

23″-330 19″-330 16″-330

23″-331 19″-331 16″-331

23″-332 19″-332 16″-332

23″-333 19″-333 16″-333

23″-334 19″-334 16″-334

23″-335 19″-335 16″-335

23″-336 19″-336 16″-336

23″-337 19″-337 16″-337

23″-338 19″-338 16″-338

23″-339 19″-339 16″-339

23″-340 19″-340 16″-340

23″-341 19″-341 16″-341

23″-342 19″-342 16″-342

23″-343 19″-343 16″-343

23″-344 19″-344 16″-344

23″-345 19″-345 16″-345

23″-346 19″-346 16″-346

23″-347 19″-347 16″-347

23″-348 19″-348 16″-348

23″-349 19″-349 16″-349

23″-350 19″-350 16″-350

23″-351 19″-351 16″-351

23″-352 19″-352 16″-352

23″-353 19″-353 16″-353

23″-354 19″-354 16″-354

23″-355 19″-355 16″-355

23″-356 19″-356 16″-356

23″-357 19″-357 16″-357

23″-358 19″-358 16″-358

23″-359 19″-359 16″-359

23″-360 19″-360 16″-360

23″-361 19″-361 16″-361

23″-362 19″-362 16″-362

23″-363 19″-363 16″-363

23″-364 19″-364 16″-364

23″-365 19″-365 16″-365

23″-366 19″-366 16″-366

23″-367 19″-367 16″-367

23″-368 19″-368 16″-368

23″-369 19″-369 16″-369

23″-370 19″-370 16″-370

23″-371 19″-371 16″-371

23″-372 19″-372 16″-372

23″-373 19″-373 16″-373

23″-374 19″-374 16″-374

23″-375 19″-375 16″-375

23″-376 19″-376 16″-376

23″-377 19″-377 16″-377

23″-378 19″-378 16″-378

23″-379 19″-379 16″-379

23″-380 19″-380 16″-380

23″-381 19″-381 16″-381

23″-382 19″-382 16″-382

23″-383 19″-383 16″-383

23″-384 19″-384 16″-384

23″-385 19″-385 16″-385

23″-386 19″-386 16″-386

23″-387 19″-387 16″-387

23″-388 19″-388 16″-388

23″-389 19″-389 16″-389

23″-390 19″-390 16″-390

23″-391 19″-391 16″-391

23″-392 19″-392 16″-392

23″-393 19″-393 16″-393

23″-394 19″-394 16″-394

23″-395 19″-395 16″-395

23″-396 19″-396 16″-396

23″-397 19″-397 16″-397

23″-398 19″-398 16″-398

23″-399 19″-399 16″-399

23″-400 19″-400 16″-400

23″-401 19″-401 16″-401

23″-402 19″-402 16″-402

23″-403 19″-403 16″-403

23″-404 19″-404 16″-404

23″-405 19″-405 16″-405

23″-406 19″-406 16″-406

23″-407 19″-407 16″-407

23″-408 19″-408 16″-408

23″-409 19″-409 16″-409

23″-410 19″-410 16″-410

23″-411 19″-411 16″-411

23″-412 19″-412 16″-412

23″-413 19″-413 16″-413

23″-414 19″-414 16″-414

23″-415 19″-415 16″-415 Ph Ph 23″-416 19″-416 16″-416 Ph

23″-417 19″-417 16″-417

Ph 23″-418 19″-418 16″-418

23″-419 19″-419 16″-419

Ph 23″-420 19″-420 16″-420

23″-421 19″-421 16″-421

Ph 23″-422 19″-422 16″-422

23″-423 19″-423 16″-423

Ph 23″-424 19″-424 16″-424

23″-425 19″-425 16″-425

Ph 23″-426 19″-426 16″-426

23″-427 19″-427 16″-427

Ph 23″-428 19″-428 16″-428

23″-429 19″-429 16″-429

23″-430 19″-430 16″-430

23″-431 19″-431 16″-431

23″-432 19″-432 16″-432

23″-433 19″-433 16″-433

23″-434 19″-434 16″-434

23″-435 19″-435 16″-435

23″-436 19″-436 16″-436

23″-437 19″-437 16″-437

23″-438 19″-438 16″-438

23″-439 19″-439 16″-439

23″-440 19″-440 16″-440

23″-441 19″-441 16″-441

23″-442 19″-442 16″-442

23″-443 19″-443 16″-443

23″-444 19″-444 16″-444

23″-445 19″-445 16″-445

23″-446 19″-446 16″-446

23″-447 19″-447 16″-447

23″-448 19″-448 16″-448

23″-449 19″-449 16″-449

23″-450 19″-450 16″-450

23″-451 19″-451 16″-451

23″-452 19″-452 16″-452

23″-453 19″-453 16″-453

23″-454 19″-454 16″-454

23″-455 19″-455 16″-455

23″-456 19″-456 16″-456

23″-457 19″-457 16″-457

23″-458 19″-458 16″-458

23″-459 19″-459 16″-459

23″-460 19″-460 16″-460

23″-461 19″-461 16″-461

23″-462 19″-462 16″-462

23″-463 19″-463 16″-463

23″-464 19″-464 16″-464

23″-465 19″-465 16″-465

23″-466 19″-466 16″-466

23″-467 19″-467 16″-467

23″-468 19″-468 16″-468

23″-469 19″-469 16″-469

23″-470 19″-470 16″-470

23″-471 19″-471 16″-471

23″-472 19″-472 16″-472

23″-473 19″-473 16″-473

23″-474 19″-474 16″-474

23″-475 19″-475 16″-475

23″-476 19″-476 16″-476

23″-477 19″-477 16″-477

23″-478 19″-478 16″-478

23″-479 19″-479 16″-479

23″-480 19″-480 16″-480

23″-481 19″-481 16″-481

23″-482 19″-482 16″-482

23″-483 19″-483 16″-483

23″-484 19″-484 16″-484

Wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites.

(23′′′)

(19′′′)

(16′′′) Nr. Nr. Nr. R¹³ R⁹ 23′′′-1 19′′′-1 16′′′-1 Ph

23′′′-2 19′′′-2 16′′′-2 Ph

23′′′-3 19′′′-3 16′′′-3 Ph

23′′′-4 19′′′-4 16′′′-4 Ph

23′′′-5 19′′′-5 16′′′-5 Ph

23′′′-6 19′′′-6 16′′′-6 Ph

23′′′-7 19′′′-7 16′′′-7 Ph

23′′′-8 19′′′-8 16′′′-8 Ph

23′′′-9 19′′′-9 16′′′-9 Ph

23′′′-10 19′′′-10 16′′′-10 Ph

23′′′-11 19′′′-11 16′′′-11 Ph

23′′′-12 19′′′-12 16′′′-12 Ph

23′′′-13 19′′′-13 16′′′-13 Ph

23′′′-14 19′′′-14 16′′′-14 Ph

23′′′-15 19′′′-15 16′′′-15 Ph

23′′′-16 19′′′-16 16′′′-16 Ph

23′′′-17 19′′′-17 16′′′-17 Ph

23′′′-18 19′′′-18 16′′′-18 Ph

23′′′-19 19′′′-19 16′′′-19 Ph

23′′′-20 19′′′-20 16′′′-20 Ph

23′′′-21 19′′′-21 16′′′-21 Ph

23′′′-22 19′′′-22 16′′′-22 Ph

23′′′-23 19′′′-23 16′′′-23 Ph

23′′′-24 19′′′-24 16′′′-24 Ph

23′′′-25 19′′′-25 16′′′-25 Ph

23′′′-26 19′′′-26 16′′′-26 Ph

23′′′-27 19′′′-27 16′′′-27 Ph

23′′′-28 19′′′-28 16′′′-28 Ph

23′′′-29 19′′′-29 16′′′-29 Ph

23′′′-30 19′′′-30 16′′′-30 Ph

23′′′-31 19′′′-31 16′′′-31 Ph

23′′′-32 19′′′-32 16′′′-32 Ph

23′′′-33 19′′′-33 16′′′-33 Ph

23′′′-34 19′′′-34 16′′′-34 Ph

23′′′-35 19′′′-35 16′′′-35 Ph

23′′′-36 19′′′-36 16′′′-36 Ph

23′′′-37 19′′′-37 16′′′-37 Ph

23′′′-38 19′′′-38 16′′′-38 Ph

23′′′-39 19′′′-39 16′′′-39 Ph

23′′′-40 19′′′-40 16′′′-40 Ph

23′′′-41 19′′′-41 16′′′-41 Ph

23′′′-42 19′′′-42 16′′′-42 Ph

23′′′-43 19′′′-43 16′′′-43 Ph

23′′′-44 19′′′-44 16′′′-44 Ph

23′′′-45 19′′′-45 16′′′-45 Ph

23′′′-46 19′′′-46 16′′′-46 Ph

23′′′-47 19′′′-47 16′′′-47 Ph

23′′′-48 19′′′-48 16′′′-48 Ph

23′′′-49 19′′′-49 16′′′-49 Ph

23′′′-50 19′′′-50 16′′′-50 Ph

23′′′-51 19′′′-51 16′′′-51 Ph

23′′′-52 19′′′-52 16′′′-52 Ph

23′′′-53 19′′′-53 16′′′-53 Ph

23′′′-54 19′′′-54 16′′′-54 Ph

23′′′-55 19′′′-55 16′′′-55 Ph

23′′′-56 19′′′-56 16′′′-56 Ph

23′′′-57 19′′′-57 16′′′-57 Ph

23′′′-58 19′′′-58 16′′′-58 Ph

23′′′-59 19′′′-59 16′′′-59 Ph

23′′′-60 19′′′-60 16′′′-60 Ph

23′′′-61 19′′′-61 16′′′-61 Ph

23′′′-62 19′′′-62 16′′′-62 Ph

23′′′-63 19′′′-63 16′′′-63 Ph

23′′′-64 19′′′-64 16′′′-64 Ph

23′′′-65 19′′′-65 16′′′-65 Ph

23′′′-66 19′′′-66 16′′′-66 Ph

23′′′-67 19′′′-67 16′′′-67 Ph

23′′′-68 19′′′-68 16′′′-68 Ph

23′′′-69 19′′′-69 16′′′-69 Ph

23′′′-70 19′′′-70 16′′′-70

23′′′-71 19′′′-71 16′′′-71

23′′′-72 19′′′-72 16′′′-72

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Wherein the dotted line are bonding sites.

(23′′′′)

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16′′′′-56 19′′′′-56 23′′′′-56

16′′′′-57 19′′′′-57 23′′′′-57

16′′′′-58 19′′′′-58 23′′′′-58

16′′′′-59 19′′′′-59 23′′′′-59

16′′′′-60 19′′′′-60 23′′′′-60

16′′′′-61 19′′′′-61 23′′′′-61

16′′′′-62 19′′′′-62 23′′′′-62

16′′′′-63 19′′′′-63 23′′′′-63

16′′′′-64 19′′′′-64 23′′′′-64

16′′′′-65 19′′′′-65 23′′′′-65

16′′′′-66 19′′′′-66 23′′′′-66

16′′′′-67 19′′′′-67 23′′′′-67

16′′′′-68 19′′′′-68 23′′′′-68

16′′′′-69 19′′′′-69 23′′′′-69

16′′′′-70 19′′′′-70 23′′′′-70

16′′′′-71 19′′′′-71 23′′′′-71 Ph 16′′′′-72 19′′′′-72 23′′′′-72

Wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites.

Wherein R⁷ is as defined above, preferably H.

(23′′′′′)

(19′′′′′)

(16′′′′′)

Nr. Nr. Nr. R⁹ 16′′′′′-1 19′′′′′-1 23′′′′′-1

16′′′′′-2 19′′′′′-2 23′′′′′-2

16′′′′′-3 19′′′′′-3 23′′′′′-3

16′′′′′-4 19′′′′′-4 23′′′′′-4

16′′′′′-5 19′′′′′-5 23′′′′′-5

16′′′′′-6 19′′′′′-6 23′′′′′-6

16′′′′′-7 19′′′′′-7 23′′′′′-7

16′′′′′-8 19′′′′′-8 23′′′′′-8

16′′′′′-9 19′′′′′-9 23′′′′′-9

16′′′′′-10 19′′′′′-10 23′′′′′-10

16′′′′′-11 19′′′′′-11 23′′′′′-11

16′′′′′-12 19′′′′′-12 23′′′′′-12

16′′′′′-13 19′′′′′-13 23′′′′′-13

16′′′′′-14 19′′′′′-14 23′′′′′-14

16′′′′′-15 19′′′′′-15 23′′′′′-15

16′′′′′-16 19′′′′′-16 23′′′′′-16

16′′′′′-17 19′′′′′-17 23′′′′′-17

16′′′′′-18 19′′′′′-18 23′′′′′-18

16′′′′′-19 19′′′′′-19 23′′′′′-19

16′′′′′-20 19′′′′′-20 23′′′′′-20

16′′′′′-21 19′′′′′-21 23′′′′′-21

16′′′′′-22 19′′′′′-22 23′′′′′-22

16′′′′′-23 19′′′′′-23 23′′′′′-23

16′′′′′-24 19′′′′′-24 23′′′′′-24

16′′′′′-25 19′′′′′-25 23′′′′′-25

16′′′′′-26 19′′′′′-26 23′′′′′-26

16′′′′′-27 19′′′′′-27 23′′′′′-27

16′′′′′-28 19′′′′′-28 23′′′′′-28

16′′′′′-29 19′′′′′-29 23′′′′′-29

16′′′′′-30 19′′′′′-30 23′′′′′-30

16′′′′′-31 19′′′′′-31 23′′′′′-31

16′′′′′-32 19′′′′′-32 23′′′′′-32

16′′′′′-33 19′′′′′-33 23′′′′′-33

16′′′′′-34 19′′′′′-34 23′′′′′-34

16′′′′′-35 19′′′′′-35 23′′′′′-35

16′′′′′-36 19′′′′′-36 23′′′′′-36

16′′′′′-37 19′′′′′-37 23′′′′′-37

16′′′′′-38 19′′′′′-38 23′′′′′-38

16′′′′′-39 19′′′′′-39 23′′′′′-39

16′′′′′-40 19′′′′′-40 23′′′′′-40

16′′′′′-41 19′′′′′-41 23′′′′′-41

16′′′′′-42 19′′′′′-42 23′′′′′-42

16′′′′′-43 19′′′′′-43 23′′′′′-43

16′′′′′-44 19′′′′′-44 23′′′′′-44

16′′′′′-45 19′′′′′-45 23′′′′′-45

16′′′′′-46 19′′′′′-46 23′′′′′-46

16′′′′′-47 19′′′′′-47 23′′′′′-47

16′′′′′-48 19′′′′′-48 23′′′′′-48

16′′′′′-49 19′′′′′-49 23′′′′′-49

16′′′′′-50 19′′′′′-50 23′′′′′-50

16′′′′′-51 19′′′′′-51 23′′′′′-51

16′′′′′-52 19′′′′′-52 23′′′′′-52

16′′′′′-53 19′′′′′-53 23′′′′′-53

16′′′′′-54 19′′′′′-54 23′′′′′-54

16′′′′′-55 19′′′′′-55 23′′′′′-55

16′′′′′-56 19′′′′′-56 23′′′′′-56

16′′′′′-57 19′′′′′-57 23′′′′′-57

16′′′′′-58 19′′′′′-58 23′′′′′-58

16′′′′′-59 19′′′′′-59 23′′′′′-59

16′′′′′-60 19′′′′′-60 23′′′′′-60

16′′′′′-61 19′′′′′-61 23′′′′′-61

16′′′′′-62 19′′′′′-62 23′′′′′-62

16′′′′′-63 19′′′′′-63 23′′′′′-63

16′′′′′-64 19′′′′′-64 23′′′′′-64

16′′′′′-65 19′′′′′-65 23′′′′′-65

16′′′′′-66 19′′′′′-66 23′′′′′-66

16′′′′′-67 19′′′′′-67 23′′′′′-67

16′′′′′-68 19′′′′′-68 23′′′′′-68

16′′′′′-69 19′′′′′-69 23′′′′′-69

16′′′′′-70 19′′′′′-70 23′′′′′-70

16′′′′′-71 19′′′′′-71 23′′′′′-71 Ph 16′′′′′-72 19′′′′′-72 23′′′′′-72

Wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites.

Wherein R⁷ is as defined above, preferably H.

(23′′′′′′)

(19′′′′′′)

(16′′′′′′)

Nr. Nr. Nr. R⁹ 16′′′′′′-1 19′′′′′′-1 23′′′′′′-1

16′′′′′′-2 19′′′′′′-2 23′′′′′′-2

16′′′′′′-3 19′′′′′′-3 23′′′′′′-3

16′′′′′′-4 19′′′′′′-4 23′′′′′′-4

16′′′′′′-5 19′′′′′′-5 23′′′′′′-5

16′′′′′′-6 19′′′′′′-6 23′′′′′′-6

16′′′′′′-7 19′′′′′′-7 23′′′′′′-7

16′′′′′′-8 19′′′′′′-8 23′′′′′′-8

16′′′′′′-9 19′′′′′′-9 23′′′′′′-9

16′′′′′′-10 19′′′′′′-10 23′′′′′′-10

16′′′′′′-11 19′′′′′′-11 23′′′′′′-11

16′′′′′′-12 19′′′′′′-12 23′′′′′′-12

16′′′′′′-13 19′′′′′′-13 23′′′′′′-13

16′′′′′′-14 19′′′′′′-14 23′′′′′′-14

16′′′′′′-15 19′′′′′′-15 23′′′′′′-15

16′′′′′′-16 19′′′′′′-16 23′′′′′′-16

16′′′′′′-17 19′′′′′′-17 23′′′′′′-17

16′′′′′′-18 19′′′′′′-18 23′′′′′′-18

16′′′′′′-19 19′′′′′′-19 23′′′′′′-19

16′′′′′′-20 19′′′′′′-20 23′′′′′′-20

16′′′′′′-21 19′′′′′′-21 23′′′′′′-21

16′′′′′′-22 19′′′′′′-22 23′′′′′′-22

16′′′′′′-23 19′′′′′′-23 23′′′′′′-23

16′′′′′′-24 19′′′′′′-24 23′′′′′′-24

16′′′′′′-25 19′′′′′′-25 23′′′′′′-25

16′′′′′′-26 19′′′′′′-26 23′′′′′′-26

16′′′′′′-27 19′′′′′′-27 23′′′′′′-27

16′′′′′′-28 19′′′′′′-28 23′′′′′′-28

16′′′′′′-29 19′′′′′′-29 23′′′′′′-29

16′′′′′′-30 19′′′′′′-30 23′′′′′′-30

16′′′′′′-31 19′′′′′′-31 23′′′′′′-31

16′′′′′′-32 19′′′′′′-32 23′′′′′′-32

16′′′′′′-33 19′′′′′′-33 23′′′′′′-33

16′′′′′′-34 19′′′′′′-34 23′′′′′′-34

16′′′′′′-35 19′′′′′′-35 23′′′′′′-35

16′′′′′′-36 19′′′′′′-36 23′′′′′′-36

16′′′′′′-37 19′′′′′′-37 23′′′′′′-37

16′′′′′′-38 19′′′′′′-38 23′′′′′′-38

16′′′′′′-39 19′′′′′′-39 23′′′′′′-39

16′′′′′′-40 19′′′′′′-40 23′′′′′′-40

16′′′′′′-41 19′′′′′′-41 23′′′′′′-41

16′′′′′′-42 19′′′′′′-42 23′′′′′′-42

16′′′′′′-43 19′′′′′′-43 23′′′′′′-43

16′′′′′′-44 19′′′′′′-44 23′′′′′′-44

16′′′′′′-45 19′′′′′′-45 23′′′′′′-45

16′′′′′′-46 19′′′′′′-46 23′′′′′′-46

16′′′′′′-47 19′′′′′′-47 23′′′′′′-47

16′′′′′′-48 19′′′′′′-48 23′′′′′′-48

16′′′′′′-49 19′′′′′′-49 23′′′′′′-49

16′′′′′′-50 19′′′′′′-50 23′′′′′′-50

16′′′′′′-51 19′′′′′′-51 23′′′′′′-51

16′′′′′′-52 19′′′′′′-52 23′′′′′′-52

16′′′′′′-53 19′′′′′′-53 23′′′′′′-53

16′′′′′′-54 19′′′′′′-54 23′′′′′′-54

16′′′′′′-55 19′′′′′′-55 23′′′′′′-55

16′′′′′′-56 19′′′′′′-56 23′′′′′′-56

16′′′′′′-57 19′′′′′′-57 23′′′′′′-57

16′′′′′′-58 19′′′′′′-58 23′′′′′′-58

16′′′′′′-59 19′′′′′′-59 23′′′′′′-59

16′′′′′′-60 19′′′′′′-60 23′′′′′′-60

16′′′′′′-61 19′′′′′′-61 23′′′′′′-61

16′′′′′′-62 19′′′′′′-62 23′′′′′′-62

16′′′′′′-63 19′′′′′′-63 23′′′′′′-63

16′′′′′′-64 19′′′′′′-64 23′′′′′′-64

16′′′′′′-65 19′′′′′′-65 23′′′′′′-65

16′′′′′′-66 19′′′′′′-66 23′′′′′′-66

16′′′′′′-67 19′′′′′′-67 23′′′′′′-67

16′′′′′′-68 19′′′′′′-68 23′′′′′′-68

16′′′′′′-69 19′′′′′′-69 23′′′′′′-69

16′′′′′′-70 19′′′′′′-70 23′′′′′′-70

16′′′′′′-71 19′′′′′′-71 23′′′′′′-71 Ph 16′′′′′′-72 19′′′′′′-72 23′′′′′′-72

Wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites.

Wherein R⁷ is as defined above, preferably H.

(23′′′′′′′)

(19′′′′′′′)

(16′′′′′′′)

Nr. Nr. Nr. N⁹ 16′′′′′′′-1 19′′′′′′′-1 23′′′′′′′-1

16′′′′′′′-2 19′′′′′′′-2 23′′′′′′′-2

16′′′′′′′-3 19′′′′′′′-3 23′′′′′′′-3

16′′′′′′′-4 19′′′′′′′-4 23′′′′′′′-4

16′′′′′′′-5 19′′′′′′′-5 23′′′′′′′-5

16′′′′′′′-6 19′′′′′′′-6 23′′′′′′′-6

16′′′′′′′-7 19′′′′′′′-7 23′′′′′′′-7

16′′′′′′′-8 19′′′′′′′-8 23′′′′′′′-8

16′′′′′′′-9 19′′′′′′′-9 23′′′′′′′-9

16′′′′′′′-10 19′′′′′′′-10 23′′′′′′′-10

16′′′′′′′-11 19′′′′′′′-11 23′′′′′′′-11

16′′′′′′′-12 19′′′′′′′-12 23′′′′′′′-12

16′′′′′′′-13 19′′′′′′′-13 23′′′′′′′-13

16′′′′′′′-14 19′′′′′′′-14 23′′′′′′′-14

16′′′′′′′-15 19′′′′′′′-15 23′′′′′′′-15

16′′′′′′′-16 19′′′′′′′-16 23′′′′′′′-16

16′′′′′′′-17 19′′′′′′′-17 23′′′′′′′-17

16′′′′′′′-18 19′′′′′′′-18 23′′′′′′′-18

16′′′′′′′-19 19′′′′′′′-19 23′′′′′′′-19

16′′′′′′′-20 19′′′′′′′-20 23′′′′′′′-20

16′′′′′′′-21 19′′′′′′′-21 23′′′′′′′-21

16′′′′′′′-22 19′′′′′′′-22 23′′′′′′′-22

16′′′′′′′-23 19′′′′′′′-23 23′′′′′′′-23

16′′′′′′′-24 19′′′′′′′-24 23′′′′′′′-24

16′′′′′′′-25 19′′′′′′′-25 23′′′′′′′-25

16′′′′′′′-26 19′′′′′′′-26 23′′′′′′′-26

16′′′′′′′-27 19′′′′′′′-27 23′′′′′′′-27

16′′′′′′′-28 19′′′′′′′-28 23′′′′′′′-28

16′′′′′′′-29 19′′′′′′′-29 23′′′′′′′-29

16′′′′′′′-30 19′′′′′′′-30 23′′′′′′′-30

16′′′′′′′-31 19′′′′′′′-31 23′′′′′′′-31

16′′′′′′′-32 19′′′′′′′-32 23′′′′′′′-32

16′′′′′′′-33 19′′′′′′′-33 23′′′′′′′-33

16′′′′′′′-34 19′′′′′′′-34 23′′′′′′′-34

16′′′′′′′-35 19′′′′′′′-35 23′′′′′′′-35

16′′′′′′′-36 19′′′′′′′-36 23′′′′′′′-36

16′′′′′′′-37 19′′′′′′′-37 23′′′′′′′-37

16′′′′′′′-38 19′′′′′′′-38 23′′′′′′′-38

16′′′′′′′-39 19′′′′′′′-39 23′′′′′′′-39

16′′′′′′′-40 19′′′′′′′-40 23′′′′′′′-40

16′′′′′′′-41 19′′′′′′′-41 23′′′′′′′-41

16′′′′′′′-42 19′′′′′′′-42 23′′′′′′′-42

16′′′′′′′-43 19′′′′′′′-43 23′′′′′′′-43

16′′′′′′′-44 19′′′′′′′-44 23′′′′′′′-44

16′′′′′′′-45 19′′′′′′′-45 23′′′′′′′-45

16′′′′′′′-46 19′′′′′′′-46 23′′′′′′′-46

16′′′′′′′-47 19′′′′′′′-47 23′′′′′′′-47

16′′′′′′′-48 19′′′′′′′-48 23′′′′′′′-48

16′′′′′′′-49 19′′′′′′′-49 23′′′′′′′-49

16′′′′′′′-50 19′′′′′′′-50 23′′′′′′′-50

16′′′′′′′-51 19′′′′′′′-51 23′′′′′′′-51

16′′′′′′′-52 19′′′′′′′-52 23′′′′′′′-52

16′′′′′′′-53 19′′′′′′′-53 23′′′′′′′-53

16′′′′′′′-54 19′′′′′′′-54 23′′′′′′′-54

16′′′′′′′-55 19′′′′′′′-55 23′′′′′′′-55

16′′′′′′′-56 19′′′′′′′-56 23′′′′′′′-56

16′′′′′′′-57 19′′′′′′′-57 23′′′′′′′-57

16′′′′′′′-58 19′′′′′′′-58 23′′′′′′′-58

16′′′′′′′-59 19′′′′′′′-59 23′′′′′′′-59

16′′′′′′′-60 19′′′′′′′-60 23′′′′′′′-60

16′′′′′′′-61 19′′′′′′′-61 23′′′′′′′-61

16′′′′′′′-62 19′′′′′′′-62 23′′′′′′′-62

16′′′′′′′-63 19′′′′′′′-63 23′′′′′′′-63

16′′′′′′′-64 19′′′′′′′-64 23′′′′′′′-64

16′′′′′′′-65 19′′′′′′′-65 23′′′′′′′-65

16′′′′′′′-66 19′′′′′′′-66 23′′′′′′′-66

16′′′′′′′-67 19′′′′′′′-67 23′′′′′′′-67

16′′′′′′′-68 19′′′′′′′-68 23′′′′′′′-68

16′′′′′′′-69 19′′′′′′′-69 23′′′′′′′-69

16′′′′′′′-70 19′′′′′′′-70 23′′′′′′′-70

16′′′′′′′-71 19′′′′′′′-71 23′′′′′′′-71 Ph 16′′′′′′′-72 19′′′′′′′-72 23′′′′′′′-72

wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites,

wherein R⁷ is as defined above, preferably H.

Synthesis of the Compounds of Formula (1)

Generally, the heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1) are prepared in analogy to the preparation processes described in the related art, e.g. in WO2012/130709, WO2014/009317, WO2014/044722, European patent application no. 13191100.0, WO2015/014791, European patent application no. EP14197947.9 and European patent application no. EP14197952.6.

The present invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1) comprising:

a) Coupling of a Group

wherein R* has the meaning of R⁵, R⁶ or R⁸ and x is 0, 1 or 2, and is the bonding site;

with a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

via R⁵, R⁶ or R⁸

whereby a heterocyclic derivative of formula (1)

is obtained,

wherein the groups, residues and indices R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, X, Y, R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴, R¹⁵, k, l, m, n, l′ and n′ as well as preferred groups, residues and indices are described above.

Preferred heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1) are mentioned above.

Specific reaction conditions of the step a) of the process according to the present invention are described below as well as in the example part of the present application.

In the following, examples for the key steps in the preparation process for compounds of formula (1) are shown:

2,5-dibromo-N-phenyl-aniline is prepared according to a procedure given in Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 10901-10903, Tetrahedron 64 (2008) 7283-7288.

2,5-dibromo-N-phenyl-aniline can also be prepared according to a procedure given in Catalysis Communications 51 (2014) 10-14 or Tetrahedron 64 (2008) 7283-7288 starting from aniline and 1,4-dibromo-2-iodo-benzene.

The synthesis of 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole is described in WO2013191177.

The synthesis of 2-(3-bromophenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine is described in WO2012099219 and WO2013172255.

The coupling in step a) of the process mentioned above is preferably carried out based on a compound of formula (1″) as an intermediate:

wherein R* has the meaning of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ and x is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and Q is H, F, Cl, Br, or I, preferably Cl or Br, more preferably Br.

In the intermediate (1″), R⁷ has the meaning of R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸, i.e. in the intermediate (1″):

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸

are independently of each other H or a group of formula -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)-(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-R²⁰;

R¹, R², R³ and R⁴

are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and/or

two adjacent groups of the groups R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and/or

two adjacent groups of the groups R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

R⁹ is a group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹, or H;

and all other residues in the intermediate (1″) are as defined in the heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1).

Suitable intermediates (1″) are therefore the following intermediates:

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴ have the meanings as mentioned in the definition of formula (1), R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are defined as in the definition of formula (1″), R⁹ is a group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹, or H; the indices, residues and groups in the group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹ are defined above;

and Q is F, Cl, Br, or I, preferably Cl or Br, more preferably Br.

The intermediates (1″), i.e. (1″a), (1″b), (1″c) and (1″d), are preferably prepared by the following process:

Reaction of a compound of formula (31) with a compound of formula (32) in the presence of a base, whereby a compound of formula (1″), i.e. (1″a), (1″b), (1″c) and (1″d), is obtained:

wherein

R¹, R², R³, R⁴ have the meanings as mentioned in the definition of formula (1), R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are defined as in the definition of formula (1″), R⁹ is a group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹, or H; the indices, residues and groups in the group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹ are defined above;

R* has the meaning of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ and x is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

Q is H, F, Cl, Br, or I, preferably Cl or Br, more preferably Br;

Z is F, Cl, Br, or I, preferably Cl or Br, more preferably Br.

The molar ratio between the compound of formula (31) and the compound of formula (32) is usually 2:1 to 1:2, preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, more preferably 1.3:1 to 1:1.3, most preferably 1.1:1 to 1:1.1 and further most preferably 1:1.

Suitable bases in the reaction mentioned above are preferably selected from the group consisting of potassium phosphate tribasic (K₃PO₄), K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, Cs₂CO₃, NaH, NaOtBu, KOtBu, preferably K₃PO₄. It is also possible to use a mixture of two or more bases.

The molar ratio between the compound of formula (31) and the base is usually 2:1 to 1:10, preferably 1:1 to 1:7, more preferably 1:1.5 to 1:5, most preferably 1:2 to 1:3.5.

The reaction mentioned above is preferably carried out in a solvent. Suitable solvents are for example (polar) aprotic solvents, preferably tertiary carboxylic acid amides like dimethyl acetamide (DMA), dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), 1,3-dimethyl imidazolidone (DMI), or mixtures thereof, preferably DMA.

The reaction temperature in the reaction mentioned above is usually 20° C. to 220° C., preferably 50° C. to 200° C., more preferably 70° C. to 190° C., most preferably 90° C. to 180° C.

The reaction time in the reaction mentioned above is usually 10 minutes to 72 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 24 hours, more preferably 2 hours to 16 hours.

The reaction pressure is not critical and usually atmospheric pressure.

Preparation of the Compound of Formula (31)

The compound of formula (31) is preferably prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (33) with R⁹—NH₂:

wherein

X′ is Cl or Br, preferably Cl;

R¹, R², R³, R⁴ have the meanings as mentioned in the definition of formula (1), R⁹ is a group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹, or H; the indices, residues and groups in the group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹ are defined above.

The molar ratio of the compound of formula (33) to R⁹—NH₂ is usually 2:1 to 1:2, preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, more preferably 1.3:1 to 1:1.3, most preferably 1.1:1 to 1:1.1 and further most preferably 1:1.

The reaction mentioned above is preferably carried out in a solvent. Suitable solvents are alcohols, for example tert. butanol, (polar) aprotic solvents, for example tertiary carboxylic acid amides like dimethyl acetamide (DMA), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), 1,3-dimethyl imidazolidone (DMI), nitrobenzene or mixtures thereof.

The reaction is further preferably carried out in the presence of an acid. Suitable acids are alkyl sulphonic acids like methane sulphonic acid, sulphonic acid, HCl (gas), p-toluene sulphonic acid, trifluoromethane sulphonic acid or mixtures thereof. The molar ratio of the acid to R⁹—NH2 is usually 2:1 to 1:3, preferably 1.5:1 to 1:2.5, more preferably 1.3:1 to 1:2, most preferably 1.1:1 to 1:1.8.

In a further embodiment, in the reaction mentioned above no acid is employed.

The reaction temperature in the reaction mentioned above is usually 20° C. to 190° C., preferably 30° C. to 180° C., more preferably 60° C. to 140° C., most preferably 80° C. to 120° C.

The reaction time in the reaction mentioned above is usually 10 minutes to 72 hours, preferably 2 hours to 48 hours, more preferably 3 hours to 24 hours.

The reaction pressure is not critical and usually atmospheric pressure.

The synthesis of 1-aryl-benzimidazol-2-amine is for example described in US 2009/0186879 (page 57).

Preferred Br or Cl substituted intermediates of benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole Specific examples of Br or Cl substituted intermediates of the benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole are shown in the table below:

By using the aryl-amines and 1-fluoro-2-bromobenzens given in the table the intermediates in the table can be prepared according to the procedure mentioned above and described for example in US 2009/0186879.

Nr. Ar—NH₂ F, Br-benzene Intermediate 1*-1

1*-2

1*-3

1*-4

1*-5

1*-6

1*-7

1*-8

1*-9

1*-10

1*-11

1*-12

1*-13

1*-14

1*-15

1*-16

1*-17

1*-18

1*-19

1*-20

1*-21

1*-22

1*-23

1*-24

1*-25

1*-26

1*-27

1*-28

1*-29

1*-30

1*-31

1*-32

1*-33

1*-34

1*-35

1*-36

1*-37

1*-38

1*-39

1*-40

1*-41

1*-42

1*-43

1*-44

1*-45

1*-46

1*-47

1*-48

The present invention therefore further relates to a process for the preparation of heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1) according to the present invention,

wherein

R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸

are independently of each other H or a group of formula -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)-(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-R²⁰;

wherein at least one of the residues R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ represents or contains a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

and

R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷

are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and/or

two adjacent groups of the groups R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and/or

two adjacent groups of the groups R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G;

and all other residues are as defined in the heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1) as mentioned above,

comprising the step:

Reaction of a compound of formula (31) with a compound of formula (32) in the presence of a base, whereby a compound of formula (1″), i.e. (1″a), (1″b), (1″c) and (1″d), is obtained:

wherein

R¹, R², R³, R⁴ have the meanings as mentioned in the definition of formula (1), R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ have the meaning as mentioned in the definition of formula (1″), R⁹ is a group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹, or H; the indices, residues and groups in the group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹ are defined above;

R* has the meaning of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸ and x is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

Q is H, F, Cl, Br, or I, preferably Cl or Br, more preferably Br;

Z is F, Cl, Br, or I, preferably Cl or Br, more preferably Br.

The compounds of formula (1″) are then further coupled with at least one of the following groups: benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

wherein the G and the groups (2), (3), (2′) and (3′) are defined before,

whereby the heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1) according to the present invention are obtained.

Suitable coupling steps are known in the art. Preferred coupling steps are Suzuki coupling and Ullmann coupling, suitable reaction conditions are known in the art and mentioned below. A more preferred coupling method is the Suzuki coupling. Examples are described in WO2013191177, WO2012086170, WO2015115744 and WO 2013085243.

Specific examples are

i) Coupling of a Compound of Formula (1″)

wherein the residues R¹ to R⁴ and R⁹ and R*, the group Q and the index x are described above,

-   -   with a diboronic acid or diboronate of at least one of the         following groups: benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which         is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a         benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the         following formulae:

-   -   wherein the G and the groups (2), and (2′) are defined before.

ii) Coupling of a Compound of Formula (1′″)

wherein the residues R¹ to R⁴, R⁹ and R* and the index x are described above,

-   -   T is a diboronic acid group or diboronate group,     -   with a halide, i.e. iodide, bromide or chloride, preferably         chloride or bromide, more preferably bromide, of at least one of         the following groups: benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group         which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a         benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the         following formulae:

-   -   wherein the G and the groups (2) and (2′) are defined before.

Diboronic acid or diboronate group containing dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles and benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyls can be readily prepared by an increasing number of routes. An overview of the synthetic routes is, for example, given in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48 (2009) 9240-9261. General examples are mentioned below.

Halide group containing dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles and benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyls can be readily prepared by an increasing number of routes. General examples are mentioned below.

Suitable reaction conditions for the Suzuki coupling are known by a person skilled in the art.

Base Skeleton

The synthesis of the compounds of formula (1) can be carried out in analogy to the synthesis of benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles mentioned in the related art.

The synthesis of

is described, for example, in Achour, Reddouane; Zniber, Rachid, Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges 96 (1987) 787-92, WO12130709, Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 02, 452, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 5986-5997, and RSC Advances 2014, 4, 21904-21908

N-Arylation

The introduction of the group —R⁹ (N-arylation) is generally carried out by reacting the base skeleton

with a group Hal-R⁹, wherein Hal is F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F, Br or I. Suitable groups R⁹ are mentioned before.

The nucleophilic aromatic substitution (N-arylation) of

with F—R⁹ is generally performed in the presence of a base (Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 8136-8140, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8104-8107). Suitable bases are known to those skilled in the art and are preferably selected from the group consisting of alkali metal alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂, alkali metal hydrides such as NaH, KH, alkali metal amides such as NaNH₂, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates such as K₂CO₃ or Cs₂CO₃, alkaline metal phosphates such as K₃PO₄ alkaline metal fluorides such as KF, CsF and alkali metal alkoxides such as NaOMe, NaOEt. In addition, mixtures of the aforementioned bases are suitable. K₂CO₃ or Cs₂CO₃, K₃PO₄ are preferred.

The nucleophilic aromatic substitution (N-arylation) can be performed in solvent or in a melt. Preferably, the reaction is carried out in a solvent. Suitable solvents are, for example, (polar) aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or dimethylacetamide (DMA).

The reaction temperature is strongly dependent on the reactivity of the aryl fluoride. The reaction (N-arylation) is preferably carried out at a temperature of −10 to 220° C., more preferably 60 to 150° C.

Ullmann reaction (N-arylation) of

with Y—R¹ (Y is Cl, Br, or I) generally performed in the presence of a base and a catalyst.

Reaction conditions for Ullmann reactions are, for example, described in Angew Chem Int Ed Engl., 48 (2009) 6954-71 WO14009317, WO12130709, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (2009) 2009-2251, J. Org. Chem, 70 (2005) 5165.

Typically the Ullmann coupling of the compound of formula

with a compound of formula Y—R¹ (Y is Cl, Br, or I, especially Br, I very especially I) is done in the presence of copper, or a copper salt, such as, for example, CuI, CuBr, Cu₂O, or CuO, and a ligand, such as, for example, L-proline, trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (DACH), 1,10-phenanthroline in a solvent, such as, for example, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and dioxane, or a solvent mixture. The reaction temperature is dependent on the reactivity of the starting materials, but is generally in the range of 25 to 200° C. If copper salt are used without a ligand the reaction temperatures are higher.

The N-arylation is, for example, disclosed in H. Gilman and D. A. Shirley, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 66 (1944) 888; D. Li et al., Dyes and Pigments 49 (2001) 181-186 and Eur. J. Org. Chem. (2007) 2147-2151.

Suitable base skeletons of the formula

are either commercially available (especially in the cases when X is S, O, NH), or can be obtained by processes known to those skilled in the art. Reference is made to WO2010079051 and EP1885818.

The halogenation of said base skeletons

(carbazole, dibenzofuran or dibezothiophene, which is unsubstituted or substituted) can be performed by methods known to those skilled in the art. Preference is given to brominating or iodinating in the 3 and 6 positions (dibromination, diiodation or mixed bromination/iodation) or in the 3 or 6 positions (monobromination, monoiodation) of the base skeleton in the case of carbazole, respectively in the 2 and 8 positions (dibromination, diiodation) or in the 2 or 8 positions (monobromination, monoiodation) of the base skeleton in the case of dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene.

Optionally substituted dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles can be dibrominated in the 2,8 positions (dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene) or 3,6 positions (carbazole) with bromine or NBS in glacial acetic acid or in chloroform. For example, the bromination with Br₂ can be effected in glacial acetic acid or chloroform at low temperatures, e.g. 0° C. Suitable processes are described, for example, in M. Park, J. R. Buck, C. J. Rizzo, Tetrahedron, 54 (1998) 12707-12714 for X═NPh, and in W. Yang et al., J. Mater. Chem. 13 (2003) 1351 for X═S. In addition, 3,6-dibromocarbazole, 3,6-dibromo-9-phenylcarbazole, 2,8-dibromodibenzothiophene, 2,8-dibromodibenzofuran, 2-bromocarbazole, 3-bromodibenzothiophene, 3-bromodibenzofuran, 3-bromocarbazole, 2-bromodibenzothiophene and 2-bromodibenzofuran are commercially available.

Monobromination in the 4 position of dibenzofuran (and analogously for dibenzothiophene) is described, for example, in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 7150. Dibenzofuran (dibenzothiophene) can be monobrominated in the 3 position by a sequence known to those skilled in the art, comprising a nitration, reduction and subsequent Sandmeyer reaction.

Monobromination in the 2 position of dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene and monobromination in the 3 position of carbazole are effected analogously to the dibromination, with the exception that only one equivalent of bromine or NBS is added.

For the nucleophilic substitution, Cl- or F-substituted dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles are preferred. The chlorination is described, inter alia, in J. Heterocyclic Chemistry, 34 (1997) 891-900, Org. Lett., 6 (2004) 3501-3504; J. Chem. Soc. [Section] C: Organic, 16 (1971) 2775-7, Tetrahedron Lett. 25 (1984) 5363-6, J. Org. Chem. 69 (2004) 8177-8182. The fluorination is described in J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 878-880 and J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 5 (2002) 953-957.

Introduction of the

Skeleton

The introduction of the

skeleton, can be affected, for example, by copper-catalyzed coupling (Ullmann reaction). Suitable reaction components and reaction conditions for carrying out the Ullmann reaction are mentioned above.

Alternatively, the introduction of the

skeleton, especially in cases, wherein the

skeleton is substituted, e.g. by a group

can be affected, for example, by Pd catalyzed coupling of diboronic acid or diboronate group containing dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes or carbazoles with halogenated aromatic groups, wherein the halogen is preferably I (Suzuki coupling).

An Example for a Suzuki coupling is shown in the example part of the present application:

Diboronic acid or diboronate group containing dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles can be readily prepared by an increasing number of routes. An overview of the synthetic routes is, for example, given in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48 (2009) 9240-9261.

By one common route diboronic acid or diboronate group containing dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes, and carbazoles can be obtained by reacting halogenated dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles with (Y¹O)₂B—B(OY¹)₂,

in the presence of a catalyst, such as, for example, [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), complex (Pd(Cl)₂(dppf)), and a base, such as, for example, potassium acetate, in a solvent, such as, for example, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane and/or toluene (cf. Prasad Appukkuttan et al., Synlett 8 (2003) 1204), wherein Y¹ is independently in each occurrence a C₁-C₁₈alkylgroup and Y² is independently in each occurrence a C₂-C₁₀alkylene group, such as —CY³Y⁴—CY⁵Y⁶—, or —CY⁷Y⁸—CY⁹Y¹⁰— CY¹¹Y¹²—, wherein Y³, Y⁴, Y⁵, Y⁶, Y⁷, Y⁸, Y⁹, Y¹⁰, Y¹¹ and Y¹² are independently of each other hydrogen, or a C₁-C₁₈alkylgroup, especially —C(CH₃)₂C(CH₃)₂—, —C(CH₃)₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂—, or —CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂—, and Y¹³ and Y¹⁴ are independently of each other hydrogen, or a C₁-C₁₈alkylgroup.

Diboronic acid or diboronate group containing dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles can also be prepared by reacting halogenated dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles with alkyl lithium reagents, such as, for example, n-butyl lithium, or t-buthyl lithium, followed by reaction with boronic esters, such as, for example, B(isopropoxy)₃, B(methoxy)₃, or

Diboronic acid or diboronate group containing dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles can also be prepared by reacting dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles with lithium amides, such as, for example, lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) followed by reaction with boronic esters such as, for example, B(isopropoxy)₃, B(methoxy)₃, or

Compounds of Formula (1) in Organic Electronics Applications

It has been found that the compounds of the formula (1) are particularly suitable for use in applications in which charge carrier conductivity is required, especially for use in organic electronics applications, for example selected from switching elements such as organic transistors, e.g. organic FETs and organic TFTs, organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).

The organic transistor generally includes a semiconductor layer formed from an organic layer with charge transport capacity; a gate electrode formed from a conductive layer; and an insulating layer introduced between the semiconductor layer and the conductive layer. A source electrode and a drain electrode are mounted on this arrangement in order thus to produce the transistor element. In addition, further layers known to those skilled in the art may be present in the organic transistor. The layers with charge transport capacity may comprise the compounds of formula (1).

The organic solar cell (photoelectric conversion element) generally comprises an organic layer present between two plate-type electrodes arranged in parallel. The organic layer may be configured on a comb-type electrode. There is no particular restriction regarding the site of the organic layer and there is no particular restriction regarding the material of the electrodes. When, however, plate-type electrodes arranged in parallel are used, at least one electrode is preferably formed from a transparent electrode, for example an ITO electrode or a fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode. The organic layer is formed from two sublayers, i.e. a layer with p-type semiconductor properties or hole transport capacity, and a layer formed with n-type semiconductor properties or charge transport capacity. In addition, it is possible for further layers known to those skilled in the art to be present in the organic solar cell. The layers with charge transport capacity may comprise the compounds of formula (1).

The compounds of the formula (1) being particularly suitable in OLEDs for use as matrix material in a light-emitting layer and/or as charge and/or exciton blocker material, i.e. as electron/exciton blocker material or as hole/exciton blocker material, and/or charge transport material, i.e. hole transport material or electron transport material, especially in combination with a phosphorescence emitter.

The organic electronic device, which is preferably an organic electroluminescent device, wherein the organic electroluminescent device comprises an organic thin film layer between a cathode and an anode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises one or more layers and comprises a light emitting layer, and at least one layer of the organic thin film layer comprises the compound of formula (1) according to the present invention. Preferably, the light emitting layer comprises the compound of formula (1) according to the present invention.

The organic electronic device preferably comprises a light emitting layer, wherein the light emitting layer comprises a phosphorescent material, which is an ortho-metallated complex comprising a metal atom selected from iridium (Ir), osmium (Os) and platinum (Pt).

In the case of use of the inventive compounds of the formula (1) in OLEDs, OLEDs which have good efficiencies and a long lifetime and which can be operated especially at a low use and operating voltage are obtained. Preferably, the compounds are suitable for providing OLEDs which ensure good efficiencies and/or good operative lifetimes of the OLEDs. The inventive compounds of the formula (1) are suitable especially for use as matrix and/or charge transport, i.e. hole or electron transport, and/or charge blocker material, i.e. hole or electron blocker material, for green, red and yellow, preferably green and red, more preferably green emitters. Furthermore, the compounds of the formula (1) can be used as conductor/complementary materials in organic electronics applications selected from switching elements and organic solar cells. (In the sense of the present application, the terms matrix and host are used interchangeable).

In the emission layer or one of the emission layers of an OLED, it is also possible to combine an emitter material with at least one matrix material of the compound of the formula (1) and one or more, preferably one, further matrix materials (co-host). This may achieve a high quantum efficiency, low driving voltage and/or long lifetime of this devices.

It is likewise possible that the compounds of the formula (1) are present in two or three of the following layers: in the light-emitting layer (preferably as matrix material), in the blocking layer (as charge blocker material) and/or in the charge transport layer (as charge transport material).

When a compound of the formula (1) is used as matrix (host) material in an emission layer and additionally as charge blocking material and/or as charge transport material, owing to the chemical identity or similarity of the materials, an improved interface between the emission layer and the adjacent material, which can lead to a decrease in the voltage with equal luminance and to an extension of the lifetime of the OLED. Moreover, the use of the same material as charge transport material and/or as charge blocker material and as matrix of an emission layer allows the production process of an OLED to be simplified, since the same source can be used for the vapor deposition process of the material of one of the compounds of the formula the compound of the formula (1).

Suitable structures of organic electronic devices, especially organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), are known to those skilled in the art and are specified below.

The present invention further provides an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) comprising an anode (a) and a cathode (i) and a light-emitting layer (e) arranged between the anode (a) and the cathode (i), and if appropriate at least one further layer selected from the group consisting of at least one blocking layer for holes/excitons, at least one blocking layer for electrons/excitons, at least one hole injection layer, at least one hole transport layer, at least one electron injection layer and at least one electron transport layer, wherein the at least one compound of the formula (1) is present in the light-emitting layer (e) and/or in at least one of the further layers. The at least one compound of the formula the compound of the formula (1) is preferably present in the light-emitting layer and/or the charge blocking layer and/or the charge transport layer.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one compound of the formula the compound of the formula (1) is used as charge transport, i.e. electron transport or hole transport material. Examples of preferred compounds of the formula (1) are shown above.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one compound of the formula the compound of the formula (1) is used as charge/exciton blocker material, i.e. as hole/exciton blocker material or electron/exciton blocker material. Examples of preferred compounds of the formula (1) are shown above.

The present application further relates to a light-emitting layer comprising at least one compound of the formula (1), preferably as host material or co-host material. Examples of preferred compounds of the formula (1) are shown above.

Structure of the Inventive OLED

The inventive organic light-emitting diode (OLED) thus generally has the following structure: an anode (a) and a cathode (i) and a light-emitting layer (e) arranged between the anode (a) and the cathode (i).

The inventive OLED may, for example—in a preferred embodiment—be formed from the following layers:

1. Anode (a)

2. Hole transport layer (c)

3. Light-emitting layer (e)

4. Blocking layer for holes/excitons (f)

5. Electron transport layer (g)

6. Cathode (i)

Layer sequences different than the aforementioned structure are also possible, and are known to those skilled in the art. For example, it is possible that the OLED does not have all of the layers mentioned; for example, an OLED with layers (a) (anode), (e) (light-emitting layer) and (i) (cathode) is likewise suitable, in which case the functions of the layers (c) (hole transport layer) and (f) (blocking layer for holes/excitons) and (g) (electron transport layer) are assumed by the adjacent layers. OLEDs which have layers (a), (c), (e) and (i), or layers (a), (e), (f), (g) and (i), are likewise suitable. In addition, the OLEDs may have a blocking layer for electrons/excitons (d) between the hole transport layer (c) and the Light-emitting layer (e).

It is additionally possible that a plurality of the aforementioned functions (electron/exciton blocker, hole/exciton blocker, hole injection, hole conduction, electron injection, electron conduction) are combined in one layer and are assumed, for example, by a single material present in this layer. For example, a material used in the hole transport layer, in one embodiment, may simultaneously block excitons and/or electrons.

Furthermore, the individual layers of the OLED among those specified above may in turn be formed from two or more layers. For example, the hole transport layer may be formed from a layer into which holes are injected from the electrode, and a layer which transports the holes away from the hole-injecting layer into the light-emitting layer. The electron transport layer may likewise consist of a plurality of layers, for example a layer in which electrons are injected by the electrode, and a layer which receives electrons from the electron injection layer and transports them into the light-emitting layer. These layers mentioned are each selected according to factors such as energy level, thermal resistance and charge carrier mobility, and also energy difference of the layers specified with the organic layers or the metal electrodes. The person skilled in the art is capable of selecting the structure of the OLEDs such that it is matched optimally to the organic compounds used in accordance with the invention.

In a preferred embodiment the OLED according to the present invention comprises in this order:

(a) an anode,

(b) optionally a hole injection layer,

(c) optionally a hole transport layer,

(d) optionally an exciton blocking layer

(e) an emitting layer,

(f) optionally a hole/exciton blocking layer

(g) optionally an electron transport layer,

(h) optionally an electron injection layer, and

(i) a cathode.

In a particularly preferred embodiment the OLED according to the present invention comprises in this order:

(a) an anode,

(b) optionally a hole injection layer,

(c) a hole transport layer,

(d) an exciton blocking layer

(e) an emitting layer,

(f) a hole/exciton blocking layer

(g) an electron transport layer, and

(h) optionally an electron injection layer, and

(i) a cathode.

The properties and functions of these various layers, as well as example materials are known from the related art and are described in more detail below on basis of preferred embodiments.

Anode (a):

The anode is an electrode which provides positive charge carriers. It may be composed, for example, of materials which comprise a metal, a mixture of different metals, a metal alloy, a metal oxide or a mixture of different metal oxides. Alternatively, the anode may be a conductive polymer. Suitable metals comprise the metals of groups 11, 4, 5 and 6 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and also the transition metals of groups 8 to 10. When the anode is to be transparent, mixed metal oxides of groups 12, 13 and 14 of the Periodic Table of the Elements are generally used, for example indium tin oxide (ITO). It is likewise possible that the anode (a) comprises an organic material, for example polyaniline, as described, for example, in Nature, Vol. 357, pages 477 to 479 (Jun. 11, 1992). Preferred anode materials include conductive metal oxides, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO), aluminum zinc oxide (AlZnO), and metals. Anode (and substrate) may be sufficiently transparent to create a bottom-emitting device. A preferred transparent substrate and anode combination is commercially available ITO (anode) deposited on glass or plastic (substrate). A reflective anode may be preferred for some top-emitting devices, to increase the amount of light emitted from the top of the device. At least either the anode or the cathode should be at least partly transparent in order to be able to emit the light formed. Other anode materials and structures may be used.

Hole Injection Layer (b):

Generally, injection layers are comprised of a material that may improve the injection of charge carriers from one layer, such as an electrode or a charge generating layer, into an adjacent organic layer. Injection layers may also perform a charge transport function. The hole injection layer may be any layer that improves the injection of holes from anode into an adjacent organic layer. A hole injection layer may comprise a solution deposited material, such as a spin-coated polymer, or it may be a vapor deposited small molecule material, such as, for example, CuPc or MTDATA. Polymeric hole-injection materials can be used such as poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), polythiophenes, polypyrrole, polyaniline, self-doping polymers, such as, for example, sulfonated poly(thiophene-3-[2[(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2,5-diyl) (Plexcore® OC Conducting Inks commercially available from Plextronics), and copolymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) also called PEDOT/PSS.

An example for a suitable hole injection material is:

(see also hole-transporting molecules).

Hole Transport Layer (c):

Either hole-transporting molecules or polymers may be used as the hole transport material.

Suitable hole transport materials for layer (c) of the inventive OLED are disclosed, for example, in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Edition, Vol. 18, pages 837 to 860, 1996, US20070278938, US2008/0106190, US2011/0163302 (triarylamines with (di)benzothiophen/(di)benzofuran; Nan-Xing Hu et al. Synth. Met. 111 (2000) 421 (indolocarbazoles), WO2010002850 (substituted phenylamine compounds) and WO2012/16601 (in particular the hole transport materials mentioned on pages 16 and 17 of WO2012/16601). Combination of different hole transport material may be used. Reference is made, for example, to WO2013/022419, wherein

constitute the hole transport layer.

Customarily used hole-transporting molecules are selected from the group consisting of

(N2,N2,N2′,N2′,N7,N7,N7′,N7′-octakis(p-tolyl)-9,9′-spirobi[fluorene]-2,2′,7,7′-tetramine), 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (α-NPD), N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine (TPD), 1,1-bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), N,N′-bis(4-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(4-ethylphenyl)-[1,1′-(3,3′-dimethyl)biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine (ETPD), tetrakis(3-methylphenyl)-N, N,N′,N′-2,5-phenylenediamine (PDA), α-phenyl-4-N, N-diphenylaminostyrene (TPS), p-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone (DEH), triphenylamine (TPA), bis[4-(N,N-diethylamino)2-methylphenyl](4-methylphenyl)methane (MPMP), 1-phenyl-3-[p-(diethylamino)styryl]5-[p-(diethylamino)phenyl]pyrazoline (PPR or DEASP), 1,2-trans-bis(9H-carbazol9-yl)-cyclobutane (DCZB), N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (TTB), fluorine compounds such as 2,2′,7,7′-tetra(N, N-di-tolyl)amino9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-TTB), N, N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N, N′-bis(phenyl)9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-NPB) and 9,9-bis(4-(N,N-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-amino)phenyl-9Hfluorene, benzidine compounds such as N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine and porphyrin compounds such as copper phthalocyanines. In addition, polymeric hole-injection materials can be used such as poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), polythiophenes, polypyrrole, polyaniline, self-doping polymers, such as, for example, sulfonated poly(thiophene-3-[2[(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2,5-diyl) (Plexcore® OC Conducting Inks commercially available from Plextronics), and copolymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) also called PEDOT/PSS. Preferred examples of a material of the hole injecting layer are a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound, or a styrylamine compound. Particularly preferable examples include an aromatic tertiary amine compound such as hexacyanohexaazatriphenylene (HAT).

The hole-transporting layer may also be electronically doped in order to improve the transport properties of the materials used, in order firstly to make the layer thicknesses more generous (avoidance of pinholes/short circuits) and in order secondly to minimize the operating voltage of the device. Electronic doping is known to those skilled in the art and is disclosed, for example, in W. Gao, A. Kahn, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 94, 2003, 359 (p-doped organic layers); A. G. Werner, F. Li, K. Harada, M. Pfeiffer, T. Fritz, K. Leo, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 82, No. 25, 2003, 4495 and Pfeiffer et al., Organic Electronics 2003, 4, 89-103 and K. Walzer, B. Maennig, M. Pfeiffer, K. Leo, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2007, 107, 1233. For example it is possible to use mixtures in the hole-transporting layer, in particular mixtures which lead to electrical p-doping of the hole-transporting layer. p-Doping is achieved by the addition of oxidizing materials. These mixtures may, for example, be the following mixtures: mixtures of the abovementioned hole transport materials with at least one metal oxide, for example MoO₂, MoO₃, WO_(x), ReO₃ and/or V₂O₅, preferably MoO₃ and/or ReO₃, more preferably MoO₃, or mixtures comprising the aforementioned hole transport materials and one or more compounds selected from 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F₄-TCNQ), 2,5-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, bis(tetra-n-butylammonium)tetracyanodiphenoquinodimethane, 2,5-dimethyl-7,7,8,8-tetra-cyanoquinodimethane, tetracyanoethylene, 11,11,12,12-tetracyanonaphtho2,6-quinodimethane, 2-fluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquino-dimethane, 2,5-difluoro-7,7,8,8etracyanoquinodimethane, dicyanomethylene-1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluoro-6Hnaphthalen-2-ylidene)malononitrile (F₆-TNAP), Mo(tfd)₃ (from Kahn et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131 (35), 12530-12531), compounds as described in EP1988587, US2008265216, EP2180029, US20100102709, WO2010132236, EP2180029 and quinone compounds as mentioned in EP2401254.

In addition to the materials mentioned above or as an alternative, the compound of formula (1) may be used as hole transport material.

Electron/Exciton Blocking Layer (d):

Blocking layers may be used to reduce the number of charge carriers (electrons or holes) and/or excitons that leave the emissive layer. An electron/exciton blocking layer (d) may be disposed between the first emitting layer (e) and the hole transport layer (c), to block electrons from emitting layer (e) in the direction of hole transport layer (c). Blocking layers may also be used to block excitons from diffusing out of the emissive layer.

Suitable metal complexes for use as electron/exciton blocker material are, for example, carbene complexes as described in WO2005/019373A2, WO2006/056418A2, WO2005/113704, WO2007/115970, WO2007/115981, WO2008/000727 and PCT/EP2014/055520. Explicit reference is made here to the disclosure of the WO applications cited, and these disclosures shall be considered to be incorporated into the content of the present application.

Emitting Layer (e)

The light emitting layer is an organic layer having a light emitting function and is formed from one or more layers, wherein one of the layers comprises the host material and the light emitting material as described below.

Preferably, the light emitting layer of the inventive OLED comprises at least one compound of formula (1) as host material.

When the light emitting layer is composed of two or more layers, the light emitting layer or layers other than that mentioned above contains or contain a host material and a dopant material when a doping system is employed. The major function of the host material is to promote the recombination of electrons and holes and confine excitons in the light emitting layer. The dopant material causes the excitons generated by recombination to emit light efficiently.

In case of a phosphorescent device, the major function of the host material is to confine the excitons generated on the dopant in the light emitting layer.

The light emitting layer may be made into a double dopant layer, in which two or more kinds of dopant materials having high quantum yield are combinedly used and each dopant material emits light with its own color. For example, to obtain a yellow emission, a light emitting layer formed by co-depositing a host, a red-emitting dopant and a green-emitting dopant is used.

In a laminate of two or more light emitting layers, electrons and holes are accumulated in the interface between the light emitting layers, and therefore, the recombination region is localized in the interface between the light emitting layers, to improve the quantum efficiency.

The light emitting layer may be different in the hole injection ability and the electron injection ability, and also in the hole transporting ability and the electron transporting ability each being expressed by mobility.

The light emitting layer is formed, for example, by a known method, such as a vapor deposition method, a spin coating method, and LB method. Alternatively, the light emitting layer may be formed by making a solution of a binder, such as resin, and the material for the light emitting layer in a solvent into a thin film by a method such as spin coating.

The light emitting layer is preferably a molecular deposit film. The molecular deposit film is a thin film formed by depositing a vaporized material or a film formed by solidifying a material in the state of solution or liquid. The molecular deposit film can be distinguished from a thin film formed by LB method (molecular build-up film) by the differences in the assembly structures and higher order structures and the functional difference due to the structural differences.

The light-emitting layer (e) comprises at least one emitter material. In principle, it may be a fluorescence or phosphorescence emitter, suitable emitter materials being known to those skilled in the art. The at least one emitter material is preferably a phosphorescence emitter.

The emission wavelength of the phosphorescent dopant used in the light emitting layer is not particularly limited. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the phosphorescent dopants used in the light emitting layer has the peak of emission wavelength of in general 430 nm or longer and 780 nm or shorter, preferably 490 nm or longer and 700 nm or shorter and more preferably 490 nm or longer and 650 nm or shorter. Most preferred are green emitter materials (490 nm to 570 nm).

The phosphorescent dopant (phosphorescent emitter material) is a compound which emits light by releasing the energy of excited triplet state and preferably a organometallic complex comprising at least one metal selected from Ir, Pt, Pd, Os, Au, Cu, Re, Rh and Ru and a ligand, although not particularly limited thereto as long as emitting light by releasing the energy of excited triplet state. A ligand having an ortho metal bond is preferred. In view of obtaining a high phosphorescent quantum yield and further improving the external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence device, a metal complex comprising a metal selected from Ir, Os, and Pt is preferred, with iridium complex, osmium complex, and platinum, particularly an ortho metallated complex thereof being more preferred, iridium complex and platinum complex being still more preferred, and an ortho metallated iridium complex being particularly preferred.

The compounds of the formula (1) can be used as the matrix in the light-emitting layer.

Suitable metal complexes for use in the inventive OLEDs, preferably as emitter material, are described, for example, in documents WO 02/60910 A1, US 2001/0015432 A1, US 2001/0019782 A1, US 2002/0055014 A1, US 2002/0024293 A1, US 2002/0048689 A1, EP 1 191 612 A2, EP 1 191 613 A2, EP 1 211 257 A2, US 2002/0094453 A1, WO 02/02714 A2, WO 00/70655 A2, WO 01/41512 A1, WO 02/15645 A1, WO 2005/019373 A2, WO 2005/113704 A2, WO 2006/115301 A1, WO 2006/067074 A1, WO 2006/056418, WO 2006121811 A1, WO 2007095118 A2, WO 2007/115970, WO 2007/115981, WO 2008/000727, WO2010129323, WO2010056669, WO10086089, US2011/0057559, WO2011/106344, US2011/0233528, WO2012/048266 and WO2012/172482.

Further suitable metal complexes are the commercially available metal complexes tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III), iridium(III) tris(2-(4-tolyl)pyridinato-N,C^(2′)), bis(2-phenylpyridine)(acetylacetonato)iridium(III), iridium(III) tris(1-phenylisoquinoline), iridium(III) bis(2,2′-benzothienyl)pyridinato-N,C^(3′))(acetylacetonate), tris(2-phenylquinoline)iridium(l II), iridium(III) bis(2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C²)picolinate, iridium(III) bis(1-phenylisoquinoline)(acetylacetonate), bis(2-phenylquinoline)(acetylacetonato)iridium(III), iridium(l II) bis(di-benzo[f,h]quinoxaline)(acetylacetonate), iridium(l II) bis(2-methyldi-benzo[f,h]quinoxaline)(acetylacetonate) and tris(3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-trimethylacetyl-5-pyrazolino)terbium(III), bis[1-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)isoquinoline](acetyl-acetonato)iridium(III), bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolato)(acetylacetonato)iridium(III), bis(2-(9,9-dihexylfluorenyl)-1-pyridine)(acetylacetonato)iridium(l II), bis(2-benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl-pyridine)(acetylacetonato)iridium(III).

In addition, the following commercially available materials are suitable: tris(dibenzoylacetonato)mono(phenanthroline)europium(IIII), tris(dibenzoylmethane)-mono(phenanthroline)europium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(5-aminophenanthroline)-europium(III), tris(di-2-naphthoylmethane)mono(phenanthroline)europium(III), tris(4-bromobenzoylmethane)mono(phenanthroline)europium(IIII), tris(di(biphenyl)methane)-mono(phenanthroline)europium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(4,7-diphenyl-phenanthroline)europium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(4,7-di-methyl-phenanthroline)europium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(4,7-dimethylphenanthrolinedisulfonic acid)europium(III) disodium salt, tris[di(4-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)benzoylmethane)]mono-(phenanthroline)europium(III) and tris[di[4-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)benzoylmethane)]mono(5-aminophenanthroline)europium(III), osmium(II) bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(4-tert-butylpyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolato)diphenylmethylphosphine, osmium(II) bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole)dimethylphenylphosphine, osmium(III) bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(4-tert-butylpyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolato)dimethylphenylphosphine, osmium(II) bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)-pyrazolato)dimethylphenylphosphine, tris[4,4′-di-tert-butyl(2,2′)-bipyridine]ruthenium(III), osmium(II) bis(2-(9,9-dibutylfluorenyl)-1isoquinoline(acetylacetonate).

Particularly suitable metal complexes are described in US2012223295, US2014367667, US2013234119, US2014001446, US2014231794, US2014008633, WO2012108388 and WO2012108389. The emitters mentioned in US2013234119, paragraph [0222], are exemplified.

Selected emitters, especially red emitters, of said emitters mentioned in US2013234119, paragraph [0222], are:

Further suitable Emitters are mentioned in: Mrs Bulletin, 2007, 32, 694:

Further suitable Emitters are mentioned in: WO2009100991:

Further suitable Emitters are mentioned in: WO2008101842:

Further suitable Emitters are mentioned in: US 20140048784, especially in paragraph [0159]:

Suitable phosphorescent blue emitters are specified in the following publications: WO2006/056418A2, WO2005/113704, WO2007/115970, WO2007/115981, WO2008/000727, WO2009050281, WO2009050290, WO2011051404, US2011/057559 WO2011/073149, WO2012/121936A2, US2012/0305894A1, WO2012/170571, WO2012/170461, WO2012/170463, WO2006/121811, WO2007/095118, WO2008/156879, WO2008/156879, WO2010/068876, US2011/0057559, WO2011/106344, US2011/0233528, WO2012/048266, WO2012/172482, PCT/EP2014/064054 and PCT/EP2014/066272.

The light emitting layer (e) comprises for example at least one carbene complex as phosphqrescence emitter. Suitable carbene complexes are, for example, compounds of the formula

which are described in WO 2005/019373 A2, wherein the symbols have the following meanings:

M is a metal atom selected from the group consisting of Co, Rh, Ir, Nb, Pd, Pt, Fe, Ru, Os, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Cu, Ag and Au in any oxidation state possible for the respective metal atom;

carbene is a carbene ligand which may be uncharged or monoanionic and monodentate, bidentate or tridentate, with the carbene ligand also being able to be a biscarbene or triscarbene ligand;

L is a monoanionic or dianionic ligand, which may be monodentate or bidentate;

K is an uncharged monodentate or bidentate ligand, preferably selected from the group consisting of phosphines; phosphonates and derivatives thereof, arsenates and derivatives thereof; phosphites; CO; pyridines; nitriles and conjugated dienes which form a π complex with M¹;

n1 is the number of carbene ligands, where n1 is at least 1 and when n1>1 the carbene ligands in the complex of the formula I can be identical or different;

m1 is the number of ligands L, where m1 can be 0 or ≥1 and when m1>1 the ligands L can be identical or different;

o is the number of ligands K, where o can be 0 or ≥1 and when o>1 the ligands K can be identical or different;

where the sum n1+m1+o is dependent on the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal atom and on the denticity of the ligands carbene, L and K and also on the charge on the ligands, carbene and L, with the proviso that n1 is at least 1.

More preferred are metal-carbene complexes of the general formula

which are described in WO2011/073149, where M is Ir, or Pt,

n1 is an integer selected from 1, 2 and 3,

Y is NR^(51′), O, S or C(R^(25′))₂,

A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), and A^(5′) are each independently N or C, where 2 A′=nitrogen atoms and at least one carbon atom is present between two nitrogen atoms in the ring,

R^(51′) is a linear or branched alkyl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having a total of 5 to 18 carbon atoms and/or heteroatoms,

R^(52′), R^(53′), R^(54′) and R^(55′) are each, if A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′) and/or A^(5′) is N, a free electron pair, or, if A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′) and/or A^(5′) is C, each independently hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having a total of 5 to 18 carbon atoms and/or heteroatoms, group with donor or acceptor action, or

R^(53′) and R^(54′) together with A^(3′) and A^(4′) form an optionally substituted, unsaturated ring optionally interrupted by at least one further heteroatom and having a total of 5 to 18 carbon atoms and/or heteroatoms,

R^(56′), R^(57′), R^(58′) and R^(59′) are each independently hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloheteroalkyl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having a total of 5 to 18 carbon atoms and/or heteroatoms, group with donor or acceptor action, or

R^(56′) and R^(57′), R^(57′) and R^(58′) or R^(58′) and R^(59′), together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, optionally substituted ring optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom and having a total of 5 to 18 carbon atoms and/or heteroatoms, and/or

if A^(5′) is C, R^(55′) and R^(56′) together form a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched bridge optionally comprising heteroatoms, an aromatic unit, heteroaromatic unit and/or functional groups and having a total of 1 to 30 carbon atoms and/or heteroatoms, to which is optionally fused a substituted or unsubstituted, five- to eight-membered ring comprising carbon atoms and/or heteroatoms,

R^(25′) is independently a linear or branched alkyl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl radical optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, optionally bearing at least one functional group and having a total of 5 to 18 carbon atoms and/or heteroatoms, K is an uncharged mono- or bidentate ligand,

L is a mono- or dianionic ligand, preferably monoanionic ligand, which may be mono- or bidentate,

m1 is 0, 1 or 2, where, when m1 is 2, the K ligands may be the same or different,

o1 is 0, 1 or 2, where, when o1 is 2, the L ligands may be the same or different.

The compound of formula XIV is preferably a compound of the formula:

Further suitable non-carbene emitter materials are mentioned below:

The compound of formula XIV is more preferably a compound (BE-1), (BE-2), (BE-7), (BE-12), (BE-16), (BE-64), or (BE-70). The most preferred phosphorescent blue emitters are compounds (BE-1) and (BE-12).

The homoleptic metal-carbene complexes may be present in the form of facial or meridional isomers or mixtures thereof, preference being given to the facial isomers.

Suitable carbene complexes of formula (XIV) and their preparation process are, for example, described in WO2011/073149.

The compounds of formula (1) the present invention can also be used as host for phosphorescent green emitters. Suitable phosphorescent green emitters are, for example, specified in the following publications: WO2006014599, WO20080220265, WO2009073245, WO2010027583, WO2010028151, US20110227049, WO2011090535, WO2012/08881, WO20100056669, WO20100118029, WO20100244004, WO2011109042, WO2012166608, US20120292600, EP2551933A1; U.S. Pat. No. 6,687,266, US20070190359, US20070190359, US20060008670; WO2006098460, US20110210316, WO2012053627; U.S. Pat. No. 6,921,915, US20090039776; JP2007123392 and European patent application no. 14180422.9.

Examples of suitable phosphorescent green emitters are shown below:

The emitter materials (dopants), preferably the phosphorescent emitter materials, may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The content of the emitter materials (dopants), preferably the phosphorescent emitter materials, in the light emitting layer is not particularly limited and selected according to the use of the device, and preferably 0.1 to 70% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 30% by mass. If being 0.1% by mass or more, the amount of light emission is sufficient. If being 70% by mass or less, the concentration quenching can be avoided. The further component in the emitting layer is usually one or more host material, which is preferably present in an amount of 30 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 70 to 99% by mass, wherein the sum of the emitter material(s) and the host material(s) is 100% by mass.

Host (Matrix) Materials

The light-emitting layer may comprise further components in addition to the emitter material. For example, a fluorescent dye may be present in the light-emitting layer in order to alter the emission color of the emitter material. In addition—in a preferred embodiment—a matrix material can be used. This matrix material may be a polymer, for example poly(N-vinylcarbazole) or polysilane. The matrix material may, however, be a small molecule, for example 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazolebiphenyl (CDP=CBP) or tertiary aromatic amines, for example TCTA.

In the case that one or more phosphorescent emitter materials are used in the light emitting layer, one or more phosphorescent hosts are employed as host material. The phosphorescent host is a compound which confines the triplet energy of the phosphorescent dopant efficiently in the light emitting layer to cause the phosphorescent dopant to emit light efficiently.

In a preferred embodiment, the light-emitting layer is formed of at least one emitter material and of at least one of the matrix materials mentioned below—in one embodiment at least one compound of the formula (1) is used as matrix (host) material. In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer comprises at least one emitter material and at least two matrix materials, wherein one of the matrix materials is a compound of the formula (1) and the other matrix material(s) is/are used as co-host(s). Suitable other host materials than the compound of formula (1) (co-hosts) are mentioned below.

The compounds of the formula (1) are suitable as single host material as well as host material, together with one or more further host materials (co-host). Suitable further host materials are mentioned below. “Further host materials” means in the sense of the present application, host materials different from the compounds of formula (1). However, it is also possible to use two or more different compounds of formula (1) as host material in the light-emitting layer in an OLED of the present application.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one compound of the formula (1) is used as host material. Examples of preferred compounds of formula (1) useful as host material are shown above.

In a more preferred embodiment, the light-emitting layer is formed from 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, of at least one of the aforementioned emitter materials and 30 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 70 to 99% by weight, of at least one of the matrix materials mentioned in the specification—in one embodiment at least one compound of the formula (1)—where the sum total of the emitter material and of the matrix material adds up to 100% by weight.

In a further more preferred embodiment, the light-emitting layer comprises a compound of formula (1) as matrix material, one further matrix material (co-host) and at least one emitter material. In said embodiment, the light-emitting layer is formed from 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, of the at least one emitter material and 30 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 70 to 99% by weight, of a compound of the formula (1) and the further matrix material, where the sum total of the at least one emitter material, the further matrix material and of the compound of formula (1) adds up to 100% by weight.

The content ratio of the compound of the formula (1) as first host material and the further matrix material as co-host in the light emitting layer is not particularly limited and may be selected accordingly, and the ratio of first host material:second host material (co-host) is preferably 1:99 to 99:1, more preferably 10:90 to 90:10, each based on mass.

Further suitable host materials, which may be small molecules or (co)polymers of the small molecules mentioned, are specified in the following publications: WO2007108459 (H-1 to H-37), preferably H-20 to H-22 and H-32 to H-37, most preferably H-20, H-32, H-36, H-37, WO2008035571 A1 (Host 1 to Host 6), JP2010135467 (compounds 1 to 46 and Host-1 to Host-39 and Host-43), WO2009008100 compounds No. 1 to No. 67, preferably No. 3, No. 4, No. 7 to No. 12, No. 55, No. 59, No. 63 to No. 67, more preferably No. 4, No. 8 to No. 12, No. 55, No. 59, No. 64, No. 65, and No. 67, WO2009008099 compounds No. 1 to No. 110, WO2008140114 compounds 1-1 to 1-50, WO2008090912 compounds OC-7 to OC-36 and the polymers of Mo-42 to Mo-51, JP2008084913 H-1 to H-70, WO2007077810 compounds 1 to 44, preferably 1, 2, 4-6, 8, 19-22, 26, 28-30, 32, 36, 39-44, WO201001830 the polymers of monomers 1-1 to 1-9, preferably of 1-3, 1-7, and 1-9, WO2008029729 the (polymers of) compounds 1-1 to 1-36, WO20100443342 HS-1 to HS-101 and BH-1 to BH-17, preferably BH-1 to BH-17, JP2009182298 the (co)polymers based on the monomers 1 to 75, JP2009170764, JP2009135183 the (co)polymers based on the monomers 1-14, WO2009063757 preferably the (co)polymers based on the monomers 1-1 to 1-26, WO2008146838 the compounds a-1 to a-43 and 1-1 to 1-46, JP2008207520 the (co)polymers based on the monomers 1-1 to 1-26, JP2008066569 the (co)polymers based on the monomers 1-1 to 1-16, WO2008029652 the (co)polymers based on the monomers 1-1 to 1-52, WO2007114244 the (co)polymers based on the monomers 1-1 to 1-18, JP2010040830 the compounds HA-1 to HA-20, HB-1 to HB-16, HC-1 to HC-23 and the (co)polymers based on the monomers HD-1 to HD-12, JP2009021336, WO2010090077 the compounds 1 to 55, WO2010079678 the compounds H1 to H42, WO2010067746, WO2010044342 the compounds HS-1 to HS-101 and Poly-1 to Poly-4, JP2010114180 the compounds PH-1 to PH-36, US2009284138 the compounds 1 to 111 and H1 to H71, WO2008072596 the compounds 1 to 45, JP2010021336 the compounds H-1 to H-38, preferably H-1, WO2010004877 the compounds H-1 to H-60, JP2009267255 the compounds 1-1 to 1-105, WO2009104488 the compounds 1-1 to 1-38, WO2009086028, US2009153034, US2009134784, WO2009084413 the compounds 2-1 to 2-56, JP2009114369 the compounds 2-1 to 2-40, JP2009114370 the compounds 1 to 67, WO2009060742 the compounds 2-1 to 2-56, WO2009060757 the compounds 1-1 to 1-76, WO2009060780 the compounds 1-1 to 1-70, WO2009060779 the compounds 1-1 to 1-42, WO2008156105 the compounds 1 to 54, JP2009059767 the compounds 1 to 20, JP2008074939 the compounds 1 to 256, JP2008021687 the compounds 1 to 50, WO2007119816 the compounds 1 to 37, WO2010087222 the compounds H-1 to H-31, WO2010095564 the compounds HOST-1 to HOST-61, WO2007108362, WO2009003898, WO2009003919, WO2010040777, US2007224446, WO06128800, WO2012014621, WO2012105310, WO2012/130709 and European patent applications EP12175635.7, EP12185230.5 and EP12191408.9 (in particular page 25 to 29 of EP12191408.9).

The above-mentioned small molecules are more preferred than the above-mentioned (co)polymers of the small molecules.

Further suitable host materials, are described in WO2011137072 (for example,

best results are achieved if said compounds are combined with

WO2012048266 (for example,

The host materials mentioned above may be used in the OLED of the present invention a alone or in combination with the compound of formula (1) as host material. In this case, the compound of formula (1) is the host and the host materials mentioned above are the co-hosts.

Further examples of the compounds which are suitable as phosphorescent host, alone or in combination with the compound of formula (1) as host material, include a carbazole derivative, a triazole derivative, a oxazole derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, an imidazole derivative, a polyarylalkane derivative, a pyrazoline derivative, a pyrazolone derivative, a phenylenediamine derivative, an arylamine derivative, an amino-substituted chalcone derivative, a styrylanthracene derivative, a fluorenone derivative, a hydrazone derivative, a stilbene derivative, a silazane derivative, an aromatic tertiary amine compound, a styrylamine compound, an aromatic methylidene compound, a porphyrin compound, an anthraquinodimethane derivative, an anthrone derivative, a diphenylquinone derivative, a thiopyran dioxide derivative, a carbodiimide derivative, a fluorenylidenemethane derivative, a distyrylpyrazine derivative, a tetracarboxylic anhydride of fused ring such as naphthalene and perylene, a phthalocyanine derivative, a metal complex of 8-quinolinol derivative, metal phthalocyanine, metal complexes having a ligand such as benzoxazole and benzothiazole, an electroconductive oligomer, such as a polysilane compound, a poly(N-vinylcarbazole) derivative, an aniline copolymer, thiophene oligomer, and a polythiophene, and a polymer such as a polythiophene derivative, a polyphenylene derivative, a polyphenylenevinylene derivative, and a polyfluorene derivative. These phosphorescent hosts may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples thereof are shown below:

Further suitable hosts, which are especially useful as co-host together with at least one compound of formula (1) are the hosts described in US2012223295, US2014367667, US2013234119, US2014001446, US2014231794, US2014008633, WO2012108388, WO2014009317 and WO2012108389, as well as the compounds of formula (1) described in the EP applications filed at the same day as the present application, i.e. on Oct. 1, 2015, with the title “Benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole carrying triazine groups for Organic Light Emitting Diodes” and with the title: “Benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole carrying benzofurane or benzothiophene groups for Organic Light Emitting Diodes”.

Especially preferred are the first and second host materials mentioned in US2013234119 and the compounds of formula (1) described in the two EP applications filed at the same day as the present application, i.e. on Oct. 1, 2015, with the title “Benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole carrying triazine groups for Organic Light Emitting Diodes” and with the title: “Benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole carrying benzofurane or benzothiophene groups for Organic Light Emitting Diodes”.

The first host material mentioned in US2013234119 which is preferably used as co-host together with at least one compound of formula (1) in the light emitting layer of an OLED according to the present invention is represented by formula (A). The lifetime of an OLED is increased by combinedly using as a first host material at least one compound of formula (1) and as co-host the host material represented by formula (A) in the light emitting layer.

wherein

each of A^(1A) and A^(2A) independently represents an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted; or a heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted;

A^(3A) represents a divalent aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted; or a divalent heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted;

mA represents an integer of 0 to 3;

each of X^(1A) to X^(8A) and Y^(1A) to Y^(8A) independently represents N or CR^(a);

each of R^(a) independently represents a hydrogen atom, an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted; a heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted; an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by E; a silyl group, which may be unsubstituted or substituted; a halogen atom, or a cyano group, provided that when two or more R^(a) groups exist, the R^(a) groups may be the same or different and one of X^(5A) to X^(8A) and one of Y^(1A) to Y^(4A) are bonded to each other via A^(3A); and

the formula (A) satisfies at least one of the flowing requirements (i) to (v);

(i) at least one of A^(1A) and A^(2A) represents a cyano-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a cyano-substituted heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

(ii) at least one of X^(1A) to X^(4A) and Y^(5A) to Y^(8A) represents CR^(a), and at least one of R^(a) in X^(1A) to X^(4A) and Y^(5A) to Y^(8A) represents a cyano-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a cyano-substituted heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

(iii) mA represents an integer of 1 to 3 and at least one of A³ represents a cyano-substituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a cyano-substituted divalent heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

(iv) at least one of X^(5A) to X^(8A) and Y^(1A) to Y^(4A) represents CR^(a), and at least one of R^(a) in X^(5A) to X^(8A) and Y^(1A) to Y^(4A) represents a cyano-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a cyano-substituted heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; and

(v) at least one of X^(1A) to X^(8A) and Y^(1A) to Y^(8A) represents C—CN.

The cyano-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms and the cyano-substituted heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms may be further substituted by a group other than the cyano group.

The subscript mA is preferably 0 to 2 and more preferably 0 or 1. When mA is 0, one of X^(5A) to X^(8A) and one of Y^(1A) to Y^(4A) are bonded to each other via a single bond.

In formula (A), the groups mentioned above have the following meanings:

The aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms represented by A^(1A), A^(2A) and R^(a) may be a non-condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group or a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group. Specific examples thereof include phenyl group, naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, quaterphenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, triphenylenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, fluorenyl group, spirofluorenyl group, 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group, 9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluorene]-2-yl group, 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl group, benzo[c]phenanthrenyl group, benzo[a]triphenylenyl group, naphtho[1,2-c]phenanthrenyl group, naphtho[1,2-a]triphenylenyl group, dibenzo[a,c]triphenylenyl group, and benzo[b]fluoranthenyl group, with phenyl group, naphthyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, phenanthryl group, triphenylenyl group, fluorenyl group, spirobifluorenyl group, and fluoranthenyl group being preferred, and phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, biphenyl-2-yl group, biphenyl-3-yl group, biphenyl-4-yl group, phenanthrene-9-yl group, phenanthrene-3-yl group, phenanthrene-2-yl group, triphenylene-2-yl group, 9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl group, fluoranthene-3-yl group being more preferred.

Examples of the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms represented by A^(3A) include divalent residues of the above aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

The heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms represented by A^(1A), A^(2A) and R^(a) may be a non-condensed heterocyclic group or a condensed heterocyclic group. Specific examples thereof include the residues of pyrrole ring, isoindole ring, benzofuran ring, isobenzofuran ring, dibenzothiophene ring, isoquinoline ring, quinoxaline ring, phenanthridine ring, phenanthroline ring, pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyridazine ring, triazine ring, indole ring, quinoline ring, acridine ring, pyrrolidine ring, dioxane ring, piperidine ring, morpholine ring, piperazine ring, carbazole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, oxazole ring, oxadiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, thiazole ring, thiadiazole ring, benzothiazole ring, triazole ring, imidazole ring, benzimidazole ring, pyran ring, dibenzofuran ring, and benzo[c]dibenzofuran ring, and the residues of derivatives of these rings, with the residues of dibenzofuran ring, carbazole ring, dibenzothiophene ring, and derivatives of these rings being preferred, and the residues of dibenzofuran-2-yl group, dibenzofuran-4-yl group, 9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl group, 9-phenylcarbazole-2-yl group, dibenzothiophene-2-yl group, and dibenzothiophene-4-yl group being more preferred.

Examples of the divalent heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms represented by A^(3A) include divalent residues of the above heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R^(a) include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, s-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, neopentyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclooctyl group, and adamantyl group, with methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, s-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, cyclopentyl group, and cyclohexyl group being preferred.

Examples of the silyl group, which may be unsubstituted or substituted; represented by R^(a) include trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, tributylsilyl group, dimethylethylsilyl group, t-butyldimethylsilyl group, vinyldimethylsilyl group, propyldimethylsilyl group, dimethylisopropylsilyl group, dimethylpropylsilyl group, dimethylbutylsilyl group, dimethyltertiarybutylsilyl group, diethylisopropylsilyl group, phenyldimethylsilyl group, diphenylmethylsilyl group, diphenyltertiarybutylsilyl group, and triphenylsilyl group, with trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, t-butyldimethylsilyl group, vinyldimethylsilyl group, and propyldimethylsilyl group being preferred.

Examples of the halogen atom represented by R^(a) include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, with fluorine being preferred.

Also preferred as R^(a) is a hydrogen atom or an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted.

Examples of the optional substituent indicated by “substituted or unsubstituted” and “may be substituted” referred to above or hereinafter include a halogen atom (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a haloalkoxyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkylsilyl group having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 18 ring carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 18 ring carbon atoms, an arylsilyl group having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 30, preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 5 to 30, preferably 5 to 18 ring atoms.

The optional substituent mentioned above may be further substituted by the optional group mentioned above.

Examples of the optional alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, s-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, neopentyl group, and 1-methylpentyl group.

Examples of the optional cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclooctyl group, and adamantyl group.

Examples of the optional alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include those having an alkyl portion selected from the alkyl groups mentioned above.

Examples of the optional haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include the alkyl groups mentioned above wherein the hydrogen atoms thereof are partly or entirely substituted by halogen atoms.

Examples of the optional haloalkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include the alkoxyl group mentioned above wherein the hydrogen atoms thereof are partly or entirely substituted by halogen atoms.

Examples of the optional alkylsilyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, tributylsilyl group, dimethylethylsilyl group, t-butyldimethylsilyl group, vinyldimethylsilyl group, propyldimethylsilyl group, dimethylisopropylsilyl group, dimethylpropylsilyl group, dimethylbutylsilyl group, dimethyltertiarybutylsilyl group, and diethylisopropylsilyl group.

Examples of the optional aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms include those selected from the aryl groups mentioned above with respect to A^(1A), A^(2A) and R^(a).

Examples of the optional aryloxy group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms include those having an aryl portion selected from the aromatic hydrocarbon groups mentioned above.

Examples of the optional arylsilyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms include phenyldimethylsilyl group, diphenylmethylsilyl group, diphenyltertiarybutylsilyl group, and triphenylsilyl group.

Examples of the optional aralkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms include benzyl group, 2-phenylpropane-2-yl group, 1-phenylethyl group, 2-phenylethyl group, 1-phenylisopropyl group, 2-phenylisopropyl group, phenyl-t-butyl group, α-naphthylmethyl group, 1-α-naphthylethyl group, 2-α-naphthylethyl group, 1-α-naphthylisopropyl group, 2-α-naphthylisopropyl group, β-naphthylmethyl group, 1-β-naphthylethyl group, 2-β-naphthylethyl group, 1-β-naphthylisopropyl group, 2-β-naphthylisopropyl group, 1-pyrrolylmethyl group, 2-(1-pyrrolyl)ethyl group, p-methylbenzyl group, m-methylbenzyl group, o-methylbenzyl group, p-chlorobenzyl group, m-chlorobenzyl group, o-chlorobenzyl group, p-bromobenzyl group, m-bromobenzyl group, o-bromobenzyl group, p-iodobenzyl group, m-iodobenzyl group, o-iodobenzyl group, p-hydroxybenzyl group, m-hydroxybenzyl group, o-hydroxybenzyl group, p-aminobenzyl group, m-aminobenzyl group, o-aminobenzyl group, p-nitrobenzyl group, m-nitrobenzyl group, o-nitrobenzyl group, p-cyanobenzyl group, m-cyanobenzyl group, o-cyanobenzyl group, 1-hydroxy-2-phenylisopropyl group, and 1-chloro-2-phenylisopropyl group.

Examples of the optional heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring atoms include those selected from the heterocyclic groups mentioned above with respect to A^(1A), A^(2A) and R^(a).

The “carbon number of a to b” in the expression of “substituted or unsubstituted X group having carbon number of a to b” is the carbon number of the unsubstituted X group and does not include the carbon atom of the optional substituent.

The hydrogen atom referred to herein includes isotopes different from neutron numbers, i.e., light hydrogen (protium), heavy hydrogen (deuterium) and tritium.

In the host material represented by formula (A), the groups represented by formulae (a) and (b) are bonded to each other via -(A³)_(mA)- at one of X^(5A) to X^(8A) and one of Y^(1A) to Y^(4A). Specific examples of the bonding manner between formulae (a) and (b) are represented by X^(6A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(3A), X^(6A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(2A), X^(6A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(4A), X^(6A)(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(1A), X^(7A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(3A), X^(5A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(3A), X^(8A)(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(3A), X^(7A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(2A), X^(7A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(4A), X^(7A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(1A), X^(5A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(2A), X^(8A)- (A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(2A), X^(8A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(4A), X^(8A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(1A), X^(5A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(1A), and X^(5A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(4A).

In preferred embodiments of the host material represented by formula (A), the bonding manner between formulae (a) and (b) are represented by X^(6A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(3A), X^(6A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(2A), or X^(7A)-(A^(3A))_(mA)-Y^(3A), namely the material for organic electroluminescence device is preferably represented by formula (II), (III), or (IV):

wherein X^(1A) to X^(8A), Y^(1A) to Y^(8A), AA to A^(3A), and mA are the same as X^(1A) to X^(8A), Y^(1A) to Y^(8A), A^(1A) to A^(3A), mA in formula (A), and each of formulae (II), (III), and (IV) satisfies at least one of the requirements (i) to (v) as specified in the definition of formula (A).

The host material represented by formula (A) satisfies at least one of the requirements (i) to (v), namely, the host material is a cyano group-introduced biscarbazole derivative having a group represented by formula (a) and a group represented by formula (b) which are linked to each other.

A^(3A) of formula (A) preferably represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent monocyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 or less ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent monocyclic heterocyclic group having 6 or less ring atoms.

Examples of the monocyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 or less ring carbon atoms represented by A^(3A) include phenylene group, cyclopentenylene group, cyclopentadienylene group, cyclohexylene group, and cyclopentylene group, with phenylene group being preferred.

Examples of the monocyclic heterocyclic group having 6 or less ring atoms represented by A^(3A) include pyrrolylene group, pyrazinylene group, pyridinylene group, furylene group, and thiophenylene group.

In a preferred embodiment of formulae (A), (II), (III), and (IV), mA is 0 and one of X^(5A) to X^(8A) and one of Y^(1A) to Y^(4A) are bonded to each other via a single bond; or A^(3A) represents the substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 or less ring carbon atoms or the substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heterocyclic group having 6 or less ring atoms.

In more preferred embodiment, mA is 0 and one of X^(5A) to X^(8A) and one of Y^(1A) to Y^(4A) are bonded to each other via a single bond; or A^(3A) represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group.

The host material of formula (A) satisfies preferably at least one of the requirements (i) and (ii);

(i) at least one of A^(1A) and A^(2A) represents a cyano-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a cyano-substituted heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; and

(ii) at least one of X^(1A) to X^(4A) and Y^(5A) to Y^(8A) represents CR^(a), and at least one of R^(a) in X^(1A) to X^(4A) and Y^(5A) to Y^(8A) represents a cyano-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a cyano-substituted heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

Namely, the host material of formula (A) is preferably any one of the compounds;

(1) satisfying the requirement (i), but not satisfying the requirements (ii) to (v);

(2) satisfying the requirement (ii), but not satisfying the requirements (i) and (iii) to (v); and

(3) satisfying both the requirements (i) and (ii), but not satisfying the requirements (iii) to (v).

The host material of formula (A) satisfying the requirement (i) and/or (ii) has a structure wherein the cyano group-containing aromatic hydrocarbon group or the cyano group-containing heterocyclic group is introduced to the terminal end of the central skeleton comprising the groups represented by formulae (a) and (b).

When the host material of formula (A) satisfies the requirement (i), at least one of A^(1A) and A^(2A) is preferably a cyano-substituted phenyl group, a cyano-substituted naphthyl group, a cyano-substituted phenanthryl group, a cyano-substituted dibenzofuranyl group, a cyano-substituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a cyano-substituted biphenyl group, a cyano-substituted terphenyl group, a cyano-substituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group, a cyano-substituted 9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluorene]-2-yl group, a cyano-substituted 9,9′-dimethylfluorenyl group, or a cyano-substituted triphenylenyl group, and more preferably 3′-cyanobiphenyl-2-yl group, 3′-cyanobiphenyl-3-yl group, 3′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl group, 4′-cyanobiphenyl-3-yl group, 4′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl group, 4′-cyanobiphenyl-2-yl group, 6-cyanonaphthalene-2-yl group, 4-cyanonaphthalene-1-yl group, 7-cyanonaphthalene-2-yl group, 8-cyanodibenzofuran-2-yl group, 6-cyanodibenzofuran-4-yl group, 8-cyanodibenzothiophene-2-yl group, 6-cyanodibenzothiophene-4-yl group, 7-cyano-9-phenylcarbazole-2-yl group, 6-cyano-9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl group, 7-cyano-9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl group, or 7-cyanotriphenylene-2-yl group.

The host material of formula (A) wherein A^(1A) is substituted by a cyano group and A^(2A) is not substituted by a cyano group is preferred. In this case, the first host material which does not satisfy the requirement (ii) is more preferred.

When the host material of formula (A) satisfies the requirement (ii), at least one of X^(1A) to X^(4A) and Y^(5A) to Y^(8A) is preferably CR^(a), and one of R^(a) in X^(1A) to X^(4A) and Y^(5A) to Y^(8A) is preferably a cyano-substituted phenyl group, a cyano-substituted naphthyl group, a cyano-substituted phenanthryl group, a cyano-substituted dibenzofuranyl group, a cyano-substituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a cyano-substituted biphenyl group, a cyano-substituted terphenyl group, a cyano-substituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group, a cyano-substituted 9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluorene]-2-yl group, a cyano-substituted 9,9′-dimethylfluorenyl group, or a cyano-substituted triphenylenyl group, and more preferably 3′-cyanobiphenyl-2-yl group, 3′-cyanobiphenyl-3-yl group, 3′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl group, 4′-cyanobiphenyl-3-yl group, 4′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl group, 4′-cyanobiphenyl-2-yl group, 6-cyanonaphthalene-2-yl group, 4-cyanonaphthalene-1-yl group, 7-cyanonaphthalene-2-yl group, 8-cyanodibenzofuran-2-yl group, 6-cyanodibenzofuran-4-yl group, 8-cyanodibenzothiophene-2-yl group, 6-cyanodibenzothiophene-4-yl group, 7-cyano-9-phenylcarbazole-2-yl group, 6-cyano-9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl group, 7-cyano-9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl group, or 7-cyanotriphenylene-2-yl group.

It is preferred for the host material of formula (A) to satisfy the requirement (ii), but not satisfy the requirement (i).

In formulae (A) and (II) to (IV), A^(1A) and A^(2A) are preferably different from each other, and more preferably, A^(1A) is substituted by a cyano group but A^(2A) is not substituted by a cyano group. Namely, the host material of formula (A) is preferably structurally asymmetric.

The production method of the first host material is not particularly limited and it is produced according to a known method, for example, by a coupling reaction of a carbazole derivative and an aromatic halogenated compound in the presence of a copper catalyst described in Tetrahedron 40 (1984) 1435 to 1456 or a palladium catalyst described in Journal of American Chemical Society 123 (2001) 7727 to 7729.

Examples of the host material of formula (A) are mentioned in [0145] in US2013234119.

Examples for preferred host materials used as co-hosts mentioned in US2013234119 WO2012108388 and WO2014009317 are:

It is further possible to employ the fused to the side a and represented by formula (1) to the present invention as host material in an OLED, preferably in the light emitting layer, together with at least one second host material described in US 2013234119, especially in paragraphs [0146] to [0195] in US 2013234119.

The second host material mentioned in US2013234119 which is preferably used as used co-host together with at least one compound of formula (1) in the light emitting layer of an OLED according to the present invention is represented by formula (KoH1).

Z¹ represents a ring structure fused to the side a and represented by formula (KoH1-1) or (KoH 1-2), and

Z² represents a ring structure fused to the side b and represented by formula (KoH1-1) or (KoH1-2),

provided that at least one of Z¹ and Z² is represented by formula (KoH1-1);

M¹ represents a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by G;

L^(1′) represents a single bond, a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by G, a divalent heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by G, a cycloalkylene group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, or a group in which the preceding groups are directly linked to each other; and

k represents 1 or 2.

In formula (KoH1-1), a side c is fused to the side a or b of formula (KoH1).

In formula (KoH1-2), any one of sides d, e and f is fused to the side a or b of formula (KoH1).

In formulae (KoH1-1) and (KoH1-2):

X¹¹ represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, NR⁷⁷, or C(R⁷⁸)(R⁷⁹); and

each of R⁵¹ to R⁵⁴ and R⁵⁵ to R⁵⁸ independently represents a hydrogen atom, a heavy hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by G, a cycloalkylene group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, a heterocyclic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by G, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by E, an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by E, an alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by G, an alkylsilyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by E, an arylsilyl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by G, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by E, an aralkyl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by G, or an aryloxy group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted for example by G, provided that adjacent groups of R⁵¹ to R⁵⁴ and R⁵⁵ to R⁵⁸ may be bonded to each other to form a ring;

R⁷⁷ is a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

R⁷⁸, R⁷⁹ is a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G;

E is —OR⁶⁹, —SR⁶⁹, —NR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —COR⁶⁸, —COOR⁶⁷, —CONR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —CN, —Si(R⁷⁰)₃ or halogen. E is preferably —OR⁶⁹; —SR⁶⁹; —NR⁶⁵R⁶⁶; —COR⁶⁸; —COOR⁶⁷; —CON⁶⁵R⁶⁶; or —CN; wherein R⁶⁵, R⁶⁶, R⁶⁷, R⁶⁸ and R⁶⁹ are preferably independently of each other C₁-C₁₈alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, octyl, or 2-ethyl-hexyl, or C₆-C₁₄aryl, such as phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, triphenylyl or biphenylyl;

G is E, or a C₁-C₂₄alkyl group, a C₆-C₃₀aryl group, a C₆-C₃₀aryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₂₄alkyl, or C₁-C₂₄alkyl which is interrupted by O; a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkyl which is interrupted by O. G is preferably —OR⁶⁹, —SR⁶⁹, —NR⁶⁵R⁶⁶; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by F, or C₁-C₁₈alkyl; a C₂-C₂₄heteroaryl group, or a C₂-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which is substituted by F, or C₁-C₁₈alkyl; wherein R⁶⁵, R⁶⁶ and R⁶⁹ are independently of each other C₁-C₁₈alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, octyl, or 2-ethyl-hexyl, or C₆-C₁₄aryl, such as phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, or biphenylyl. More preferably, G is a C₆-C₁₈aryl group like phenyl, tolyl, triphenylyl or biphenylyl, or a C₆-C₂₄heteroaryl group like dibenzothiophenylyl, dibenzofuranyl, pyridyl, triazinyl, pyrimidinyl, azatriphenylyl, azadibenzofuryl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azacarbazolyl, quinolonyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenanthridinyl, benzo[h]quinolonyl, benz[h]isoquinolinyl, benzo[f]isoquinolinyl, benzo[f]quinolinyl, benzo[h]quinazolinyl, benzo[f]quinazolinyl, dibenzo[f,h]quinolonyl, dibenzo[f,h]isoquinolonyl, dibenzo[f,h]quinoxalinyl or dibenzo[f,h]quinazolinyl.

Examples for preferred second host materials used as co-hosts mentioned in US2013234119 are:

Hole/Exciton Blocking Layer (f):

Blocking layers may be used to reduce the number of charge carriers (electrons or holes) and/or excitons that leave the emissive layer. The hole blocking layer may be disposed between the emitting layer (e) and electron transport layer (g), to block holes from leaving layer (e) in the direction of electron transport layer (g). Blocking layers may also be used to block excitons from diffusing out of the emissive layer.

Additional hole blocker materials typically used in OLEDs are 2,6-bis(N-carbazolyl)pyridine (mCPy), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (bathocuproin, (BCP)), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)-4-phenylphenylato)aluminum(III) (BAlq), phenothiazine S,S-dioxide derivates and 1,3,5-tris(N-phenyl-2-benzylimidazolyl)benzene) (TPBI), TPBI also being suitable as electron-transport material. Further suitable hole blockers and/or electron conductor materials are 2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole), 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 8-hydroxyquinolinolatolithium, 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 1,3-bis[2-(2,2′-bipyridin-6-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl]benzene, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole, 6,6′-bis[5-(biphenyl-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-2-yl]-2,2′-bipyridyl, 2-phenyl-9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene, 2,7-bis[2-(2,2′-bipyridin-6-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl]-9,9-dimethylfluorene, 1,3-bis[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl]benzene, 2-(naphthalene-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)borane, 2,9-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 1-methyl-2-(4-(naphthalene-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]-phenanthroline. In a further embodiment, it is possible to use compounds which comprise aromatic or heteroaromatic rings joined via groups comprising carbonyl groups, as disclosed in WO2006/100298, disilyl compounds selected from the group consisting of disilylcarbazoles, disilylbenzofurans, disilylbenzothiophenes, disilylbenzophospholes, disilylbenzothiophene S-oxides and disilylbenzothiophene S,S-dioxides, as specified, for example, in PCT applications WO2009/003919 and WO2009003898 and disilyl compounds as disclosed in WO2008/034758, as a blocking layer for holes/excitons (f).

In another preferred embodiment compounds (SH-1), (SH-2), (SH-3), SH-4, SH-5, SH-6, (SH-7), (SH-8), (SH-9), (SH-10) and (SH-11) may be used as hole/exciton blocking materials.

In addition to the materials mentioned above or as an alternative, the compound of formula (1) may be used as hole/exciton blocker material.

Electron Transport Layer (g):

Electron transport layer may include a material capable of transporting electrons. Electron transport layer may be intrinsic (undoped), or doped. Doping may be used to enhance conductivity.

The compound of the formula (1) is suitable as electron transport material, either alone or in combination with one or more of the electron transport materials mentioned below.

Further suitable electron-transporting materials for layer (g) of the inventive OLEDs, which may be used in combination with the compound of formula (1) or in absence of the compound of formula (1) as electron transport material, comprise metals chelated with oxinoid compounds, such as tris(8-hydroxyquinolato)aluminum (Alq₃), compounds based on phenanthroline such as 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DDPA=BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 2,4,7,9-tetraphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DPA) or phenanthroline derivatives disclosed in EP1786050, in EP1970371, or in EP1097981, and azole compounds such as 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) and 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4phenyl-5-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ).

Further suitable electron transport materials, which may be used in combination with the compound of formula (1) or in absence of the compound of formula (1) as electron transport material, are mentioned in Abhishek P. Kulkarni, Christopher J. Tonzola, Amit Babel, and Samson A. Jenekhe, Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 4556-4573; G. Hughes, M. R. Bryce, J. Mater. Chem. 2005, 15, 94-107 and Yasuhiko Shirota and Hiroshi Kageyama, Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 953-1010 (ETM, HTM).

It is likewise possible to use mixtures of at least two materials in the electron-transporting layer, in which case at least one material is electron-conducting. Preferably, in such mixed electron-transport layers, at least one phenanthroline compound is used, preferably BCP, or at least one pyridine compound according to the formula (XVI) below, preferably a compound of the formula (XVIa) below. More preferably, in mixed electron-transport layers, in addition to at least one phenanthroline compound, alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydroxyquinolate complexes, for example Liq, are used. Suitable alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydroxyquinolate complexes are specified below (formula XVII). Reference is made to WO2011/157779.

The electron-transport layer may also be electronically doped in order to improve the transport properties of the materials used, in order firstly to make the layer thicknesses more generous (avoidance of pinholes/short circuits) and in order secondly to minimize the operating voltage of the device. Electronic doping is known to those skilled in the art and is disclosed, for example, in W. Gao, A. Kahn, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 94, No. 1, 1 Jul. 2003 (p-doped organic layers); A. G. Werner, F. Li, K. Harada, M. Pfeiffer, T. Fritz, K. Leo, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 82, No. 25, 23 Jun. 2003 and Pfeiffer et al., Organic Electronics 2003, 4, 89-103 and K. Walzer, B. Maennig, M. Pfeiffer, K. Leo, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2007, 107, 1233. For example, it is possible to use mixtures which lead to electrical n-doping of the electron-transport layer. n-Doping is achieved by the addition of reducing materials. These mixtures may, for example, be mixtures of the abovementioned electron transport materials with alkali/alkaline earth metals or alkali/alkaline earth metal salts, for example Li, Cs, Ca, Sr, Cs₂CO₃, with alkali metal complexes, for example 8-hydroxyquinolatolithium (Liq), and with Y, Ce, Sm, Gd, Tb, Er, Tm, Yb, Li₃N, Rb₂CO₃, dipotassium phthalate, W(hpp)₄ from EP1786050, or with compounds described in EP1837926B1, EP1837927, EP2246862 and WO2010132236.

In a preferred embodiment, the electron-transport layer comprises at least one compound of the general formula (XVII)

in which

R^(32′) and R^(33′) are each independently F, C₁-C₈-alkyl, or C₆-C₁₄-aryl, which is optionally substituted by one or more C₁-C₈-alkyl groups, or

two R^(32′) and/or R^(33′) substituents together form a fused benzene ring which is optionally substituted by one or more C₁-C₈-alkyl groups;

a and b are each independently 0, or 1, 2 or 3,

M¹ is an alkaline metal atom or alkaline earth metal atom,

p is 1 when M¹ is an alkali metal atom, p is 2 when M¹ is an earth alkali metal atom.

A very particularly preferred compound of the formula (XVII) is

which may be present as a single species, or in other forms such as Li_(g)Q_(g) in which g is an integer, for example Li₆Q₆. Q is an 8-hydroxyquinolate ligand or an 8-hydroxyquinolate derivative.

In a further preferred embodiment, the electron-transport layer comprises at least one compound of the formula (XVI),

in which

R^(34″), R^(35″), R^(36″), R^(37″), R^(34′), R^(35′), R^(36′) and R^(37′) are each independently H, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl which is substituted by E′ and/or interrupted by D′, C₆-C₂₄-aryl, C₆-C₂₄-aryl which is substituted by G′, C₂-C₂₀-heteroaryl or C₂-C₂₀-heteroaryl which is substituted by G′,

Q is an arylene or heteroarylene group, each of which is optionally substituted by G′;

D′ is —CO—; —COO—; —S—; —SO—; —SO₂—; —O—; —NR^(40′)—; —SiR^(45′)R^(46′)—; —POR^(47′)—; —CR^(38′)═CR^(39′)—; or —C≡C—;

E′ is —OR^(44′); —SR^(44′); —NR^(40′)R^(41′); —COR^(43′); —COOR^(42′); —CONR^(40′)R^(41′); —CN; or F;

G′ is E′, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl which is interrupted by D′, C₁-C₁₈-perfluoroalkyl, C₁-C₁₈-alkoxy, or C₁-C₁₈-alkoxy which is substituted by E′ and/or interrupted by D′, in which

R^(38′) and R^(39′) are each independently H, C₆-C₁₈-aryl; C₆-C₁₈-aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈-alkyl or C₁-C₁₈-alkoxy; C₁-C₁₈-alkyl; or C₁-C₁₈-alkyl which is interrupted by —O—;

R^(40′) and R^(41′) are each independently C₆-C₁₈-aryl; C₆-C₁₈-aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈-alkyl or C₁-C₁₈-alkoxy; C₁-C₁₈-alkyl; or C₁-C₁₈-alkyl which is interrupted by —O—; or

R^(40′) and R^(41′) together form a 6-membered ring;

R^(42′) and R^(43′) are each independently C₆-C₁₈-aryl; C₆-C₁₈-aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈-alkyl or C₁-C₁₈-alkoxy; C₁-C₁₈-alkyl; or C₁-C₁₈-alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R^(44′) is C₆-C₁₈-aryl; C₆-C₁₈-aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈-alkyl or C₁-C₁₈-alkoxy; C₁-C₁₈-alkyl; or C₁-C₁₈-alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R^(45′) and R^(46′) are each independently C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, C₆—O₁₈-aryl or C₆—O₁₈-aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈-alkyl,

R^(47′) is C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, C₆-C₁₈-aryl or C₆-C₁₈-aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈-alkyl.

Preferred compounds of the formula (XVI) are compounds of the formula (XVIa)

in which Q is:

R^(48′) is H, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl and

R^(48″) is H, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl or

Particular preference is given to a compound of the formula

In a further, very particularly preferred embodiment, the electron-transport layer comprises a compound Liq and a compound ETM-2.

In a preferred embodiment, the electron-transport layer comprises at least one compound of the formula (XVII) in an amount of 99 to 1% by weight, preferably 75 to 25% by weight, more preferably about 50% by weight, and at least one compound of the formula (XVI) in an amount of 1 to 99% by weight, preferably 25 to 75% by weight, more preferably about 50% by weight, where the amount of the compounds of the formulae (XVII) and the amount of the compounds of the formulae (XVI) adds up to a total of 100% by weight.

The preparation of the compounds of the formula (XVI) is described in J. Kido et al., Chem. Commun. (2008) 5821-5823, J. Kido et al., Chem. Mater. 20 (2008) 5951-5953 and JP2008/127326, or the compounds can be prepared analogously to the processes disclosed in the aforementioned documents.

It is likewise possible to use mixtures of alkali metal hydroxyquinolate complexes, preferably Liq, and dibenzofuran compounds in the electron-transport layer. Reference is made to WO2011/157790. Dibenzofuran compounds A-1 to A-36 and B-1 to B-22 described in WO2011/157790 are preferred, wherein dibenzofuran compound

(A-10; =ETM-1) is most preferred.

In a preferred embodiment, the electron-transport layer comprises Liq in an amount of 99 to 1% by weight, preferably 75 to 25% by weight, more preferably about 50% by weight, and at least one dibenzofuran compound in an amount of 1 to 99% by weight, preferably 25 to 75% by weight, more preferably about 50% by weight, where the amount of Liq and the amount of the dibenzofuran compound(s), especially ETM-1, adds up to a total of 100% by weight.

In a preferred embodiment, the electron-transport layer comprises at least one phenanthroline derivative and/or pyridine derivative.

In a further preferred embodiment, the electron-transport layer comprises at least one phenanthroline derivative and/or pyridine derivative and at least one alkali metal hydroxyquinolate complex.

In a further preferred embodiment, the electron-transport layer comprises at least one of the dibenzofuran compounds A-1 to A-36 and B-1 to B-22 described in WO2011/157790, especially ETM-1.

In a further preferred embodiment, the electron-transport layer comprises a compound described in WO2012/111462 WO2012/147397 WO2012014621 such as, for example, a compound of formula

(ETM-3), US2012/0261654, such as, for example, a compound of formula

(ETM-4), and WO2012/115034, such as for example, such as, for example, a compound of formula

A further suitable electron transport material is:

Electron Injection Layer (h):

The electron injection layer may be any layer that improves the injection of electrons into an adjacent organic layer.

The compound of the formula (1) is suitable as electron injection material, either alone or in combination with one or more of the electron injection materials mentioned below.

Further lithium-comprising organometallic compounds such as 8-hydroxyquinolatolithium (Liq), CsF, NaF, KF, Cs₂CO₃ or LiF may be applied between the electron transport layer (g) and the cathode (i) as an electron injection layer (h) in order to reduce the operating voltage.

Cathode (i):

The cathode (i) is an electrode which serves to introduce electrons or negative charge carriers. The cathode may be any metal or nonmetal which has a lower work function than the anode. Suitable materials for the cathode are selected from the group consisting of alkali metals of group 1, for example Li, Cs, alkaline earth metals of group 2, metals of group 12 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, comprising the rare earth metals and the lanthanides and actinides. In addition, metals such as aluminum, indium, calcium, barium, samarium and magnesium, and combinations thereof, may be used.

In general, the different layers, if present, have the following thicknesses:

anode (a): 500 to 5000 Å (ångström), preferably 1000 to 2000 Å;

hole injection layer (b): 50 to 1000 Å, preferably 200 to 800 Å,

hole-transport layer (c): 50 to 1000 Å, preferably 100 to 800 Å,

exciton blocking layer (d): 10 to 500 Å, preferably 50 to 100 Å,

light-emitting layer (e): 10 to 1000 Å, preferably 50 to 600 Å,

hole/exciton blocking layer (f): 10 to 500 Å, preferably 50 to 100 Å,

electron-transport layer (g): 50 to 1000 Å, preferably 200 to 800 Å,

electron injection layer (h): 10 to 500 Å, preferably 20 to 100 Å,

cathode (i): 200 to 10 000 Å, preferably 300 to 5000 Å.

The person skilled in the art is aware (for example on the basis of electrochemical studies) of how suitable materials have to be selected. Suitable materials for the individual layers are known to those skilled in the art and are disclosed, for example, in WO 00/70655.

In addition, it is possible that some of the layers used in the inventive OLED have been surface-treated in order to increase the efficiency of charge carrier transport. The selection of the materials for each of the layers mentioned is preferably determined by obtaining an OLED with a high efficiency and lifetime.

The inventive OLED can be produced by methods known to those skilled in the art. In general, the inventive OLED is produced by successive vapor deposition of the individual layers onto a suitable substrate. Suitable substrates are, for example, glass, inorganic semiconductors or polymer films. For vapor deposition, it is possible to use customary techniques, such as thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD) and others. In an alternative process, the organic layers of the OLED can be applied from solutions or dispersions in suitable solvents, employing coating techniques known to those skilled in the art.

Use of the compounds of the formula (1) in at least one layer of the OLED, preferably in the light-emitting layer (preferably as a matrix material), in a charge transport layer, i.e. electron transport layer or hole transport layer, preferably electron transport layer and/or in the electron injection layer makes it possible to obtain OLEDs with high efficiency and with low use and operating voltage. Frequently, the OLEDs obtained by the use of the compounds of the formula (1) additionally have high lifetimes. The efficiency of the OLEDs can additionally be improved by optimizing the other layers of the OLEDs. For example, high-efficiency cathodes such as Ca or Ba, if appropriate in combination with an intermediate layer of LiF, can be used. Moreover, additional layers may be present in the OLEDs in order to adjust the energy level of the different layers and to facilitate electroluminescence.

The OLEDs may further comprise at least one second light-emitting layer. The overall emission of the OLEDs may be composed of the emission of the at least two light-emitting layers and may also comprise white light.

The OLEDs can be used in all apparatus in which electroluminescence is useful. Suitable devices are preferably selected from stationary and mobile visual display units and illumination units. Stationary visual display units are, for example, visual display units of computers, televisions, visual display units in printers, kitchen appliances and advertising panels, illuminations and information panels. Mobile visual display units are, for example, visual display units in cellphones, tablet PCs, laptops, digital cameras, MP3 players, vehicles and destination displays on buses and trains. Further devices in which the inventive OLEDs can be used are, for example, keyboards; items of clothing; furniture; wallpaper. In addition, the present invention relates to a device selected from the group consisting of stationary visual display units such as visual display units of computers, televisions, visual display units in printers, kitchen appliances and advertising panels, illuminations, information panels, and mobile visual display units such as visual display units in cellphones, tablet PCs, laptops, digital cameras, MP3 players, vehicles and destination displays on buses and trains; illumination units; keyboards; items of clothing; furniture; wallpaper, comprising at least one inventive organic light-emitting diode or at least one inventive light-emitting layer.

The following examples are included for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the claims. Unless otherwise stated, all parts and percentages are by weight.

EXAMPLES I Preparation Example Example 1

a.) 16.4 g (50.0 mmol) 2,5-dibromo-N-phenyl-aniline and 8.39 g (55.0 mmol) 2-chloro-1H-benzimidazole in 250 ml MNP are stirred under nitrogen. 5.29 g (55.0 mmol) methane sulphonic acid is added. The reaction mixture is stirred at 100° C. for 12 h.

The reaction mixture is poured on water. The product is filtered of and is washed with water and methanol. Yield 13.3 g (60%)

b.) 7.36 g (20.0 mmol) N-(2,5-dibromophenyl)-N-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine, 5.53 g (40.0 mmol) potassium carbonate, 1.14 g (6.00 mmol) copper (I) iodide, 1.62 g (9.00 mmol) phenanthroline in 50 ml DMA are stirred under nitrogen. After the reaction is finished the reaction mixture is poured in water and the product is filtered of. The product is dissolved in dichloromethane and is washed with diluted ammonia solution, and 10% taratic acid solution. The organic phase is dried with magnesium sulfate and the solvent is removed in vacuum. Yield 6.3 g (87%)

MS (APCI(pos), m/z): 362 (M⁺¹), 364 (M⁺¹).

c.) to 3.98 g (11.0 mmol) 2-bromo-6-phenyl-benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole, 3.55 g (12.1 mmol) 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole, 11.7 g (55.0 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic monohydrate, 15 ml dioxane, 30 ml toluene and 15 ml water are added.

The mixture is degassed with argon. 270 mg (0.66 mmol) 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos) and 27 mg (0.12 mmol) palladium(II) acetate are added. The reaction mixture is degassed with argon and is stirred for 22 h at 90° C. under argon. 30 ml of a 1% sodium cyanide solution are added and the reaction mixture is refluxed for 2 h. Dichloromethane is added and organic phase is separated. The organic phase is dried with magnesium sulfate. The solvent is removed in vacuum. The product is decocted in ethanol.

MS (APCI(pos), m/z): 449 (M⁺¹).

d.) 500 mg (1.55 mmol) 4-(4-bromophenyl)dibenzofuran, 760 mg (1.70 mmol) 2-(9H-carbazol-3-yl)-6-phenyl-benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole, 990 mg (4.64 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic, 60 mg (0.31 mmol) copper iodide in 10 ml dioxane are stirred under nitrogen at 100° C. 1.24 g (36.1 mmol) cis,trans 1,2-diaminocyclohexane are added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 48 h.

The reaction mixture is poured in methanol. The product is filtered off and is washed with water, methanol 10% tatraic acid. Column chromatography on silica gel with chloroform gives the product. Yield 690 mg (65%)

MS (APCI(pos), m/z): 691 (M⁺¹).

Example 2

This compound is prepared according to example 1a.

MS (APCI(pos), m/z): 362 (M⁺¹), 364 (M⁺¹).

This compound is prepared according to example 1b.

MS (APCI(pos), m/z): 449 (M⁺¹).

This compound is prepared according to example 1c.

This compound is prepared according to example 1d.

MS (APCI(pos), m/z): 691 (M⁺¹).

Example 3 Example 3a

To 38.1 g (0.250 mol) 2-chlorobenzimidazole, 25.6 g 0.275 mol) aniline in 250 ml NMP 26.4 g (0.275 mmol) methane sulphonic acid is added. The reaction mixture is stirred at 100° C. for 3 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture is poured on a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate in water. The water phase is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is 3 times washed with water and the organic phase is dried with magnesium sulfate. The solvent is removed in vacuum. The product is decocted in 100 ml dichloromethane.

Yield 43.6 g (83%) The above reaction is carried out according to a procedure given in US20090186879 (page 57).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ=10.9 (s, 1H), 9.38 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.36 (d, 2H), 2.29-7.36 (m, 4H), 6.96-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.91-6.94 (m, 1H).

Example 3b

To 28.5 g (0.112 mol) 1,3-dibromo-4-fluorobezene, 23.5 g (0.112 mol) N-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine and 59.6 g (0.281 mol) potassium phosphate tribasic in 250 ml DMA are stirred at 160° C. for 20 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture is poured on water. The product is filtered off washed with water and ethanol.

Yield 38.9 g (97.6%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ=7.78-7.83 (m, 4H), 7.64-7.70 (m, 4H), 7.48-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.40 (dt, 1H), 7.33 (dt, 1H).

Example 3c

5.00 g (13.8 mmol) 3-bromo-5-phenyl-benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole, 4.86 g (16.6 mmol) 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole and 14.7 g (69.0 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic in 25 ml dioxane, 70 ml toluene and 25 ml water are degassed with argon. 340 mg (0.84 mmol) 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-di-methoxybiphenyl (sPhos) and 31 mg (0.14 mmol) palladium (II) acetate is added. The reaction mixture is degassed with argon. The reaction mixture is stirred for 19 h at 90° C. under argon.

40 ml of a 1% solution of sodium cyanide in water is added and the reaction mixture is stirred at 100° C. for 1 h. The product is filtered off, is washed with water and ethanol. Soxhlet extraction with methyl ethyl ketone gives the product. 5.53 g (89%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ=8.30-8.31 (m, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H) 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.90-7.94 (m, 4H), 7.81-7.85 (m 2H), 7.65-7.73 (m, 4H), 7.46-7.54 (m, 4H), 7.33-7.45 (m 2H), 7.27-7.32 (m, 1H).

Example 3d

4.88 g (109 mmol) 3-(9H-carbazol-3-yl)-5-phenyl-benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole, 4.01 g (103 mmol) 2-(3-bromophenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 6.93 g (326 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic, 420 mg (2.2 mmol) copper (I) iodide in 100 ml dioxane are stirred at 100° C. under nitrogen. After 18 h 12.4 g (109 mmol) cis&trans 1,2-diaminocyclohexane are added at 100° C. under nitrogen. After 45 h the product is filtered off washed with dioxane, ethanol and water and again ethanol.

Column chromatography on silica gel with chloroform/heptane 1/1 gives the product.

5.25 g (64%)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ=9.02 (s, 1H), 8.93-8.96 (m, 1H), 8.78-8.81 (m, 4H), 8.43 (d, 1H), 8.27-8.30 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.96 (m, 8H), 7.48-7.77 (m, 14H), 7.34-7.43 (m, 3H).

Example 4

5.50 g (122 mmol) 3-(9H-carbazol-3-yl)-5-phenyl-benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole, 3.76 g (116 mmol) 2-(3-bromophenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 7.81 g (368 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic, 460 mg (2.45 mmol) copper (I) iodide, in 100 ml dioxane are stirred at 100° C. under nitrogen. 14.0 g (123 mmol) cis&trans 1 2-diaminocyclohexane are added at 100° C. under nitrogen.

After 66 h 100 ml methanol is added and the product is filtered off. The product is washed with ethanol, water and ethanol. Column chromatography on silica gel with chloroform gives the product.

5.24 g (62%)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ=8.40 (s, 1H), 8.21-8.27 (m, 3H), 8.03-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.96 (m, 16H), 7.56-7.51 (m, 4H), 7.35-7.45 (m, 4H).

Example 5

To 1.00 g (3.94 mol) 1,3-dibromo-2-fluoro-benzene, 820 mg (3.94 mmol) N-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine and 2.51 g (11.8 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic in 15 ml DMA are added, and it is stirred at 160° C. for 15 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture is poured on water. The product is filtered off and washed with water.

Yield 1.38 g (96.5%)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ=8.87 (d, 1H), 7.74-7.80 (m, 3H), 7.62-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.18 (t, 1H)

Example 6

To 1.00 g (3.94 mol) 1,2-dibromo-3-fluoro-benzene, 820 mg (3.94 mmol) N-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine and 2.51 g (11.8 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic in 15 ml DMA are added, and it is stirred at 160° C. for 15 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture is poured on water. The product is filtered off and washed with water.

Yield 820 mg (57%)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ=7.75-7.86 (m, 3H), 7.54-7.64 (m, 5H), 7.80 (dd, 1H), 7.30-7.40 (m 2H), 7.23-7.28 (m, 1H)

Example 7

To 6.35 g (25.0 mmol) 1,2-dibromo-3-fluoro-benzene, 5.23 g (25.0 mmol) N-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine and 15.9 g (75.0 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic in 50 ml DMA are added, and it is stirred at 160° C. for 4 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture is poured on water. The product is filtered off and washed with water.

The product is dissolved in dichloromethane and is 3 times washed with water. The organic phase is dried with dichloromethane and the solvent is removed in vacuum.

Yield 7.67 g (85%)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ=7.98 (d, 1H), 7.78-7.84 (m, 4H), 7.63-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.50 (m, 5H).

Example 8

To 1.00 g (4.78 mol) 1-bromo-3-chloro-2-fluoro-benzene, 1.00 g (4.78 mmol) N-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine and 3.04 g (14.3 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic in 15 ml DMA are added, and it is stirred at 160° C. for 15 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture is poured on water. The product is filtered off and washed with water.

Yield 1.45 g (95%)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ=8.58 (d, 1H), 7.75-7.80 (m, 3H), 7.62-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.40 (m, 5H)

Example 9

To 1.00 g (4.78 mol) 1-bromo-3-chloro-2-fluoro-benzene, 1.00 g (4.78 mmol) N-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine and 3.04 g (14.3 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic in 15 ml DMA are added, and it is stirred at 160° C. for 15 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture is poured on water. The product is filtered off and washed with water.

Yield 1.20 g (79%)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ=7.85 (d, 1H), 7.75-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.64 (m, 5H), 7.28-7.42 (m, 4H).

Example 10 Example 10a

The reaction is carried out as described in example 3c.

Example 10b

The reaction is carried out as described in example 3d.

Example 11

The reaction is carried out as described in example 4.

Example 12

The reaction is carried out as described in example 3c.

The reaction is carried out as described in example 3d.

Example 13

The reaction is carried out as described in example 4.

II Application Example Comparative Application Example 1

A glass substrate with 120 nm-thick indium-tin-oxide (ITO) transparent electrode (manufactured by Geomatec Co., Ltd.) used as an anode is first cleaned with isopropanol in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min. To eliminate any possible organic residues, the substrate is exposed to an ultraviolet light and ozone for further 30 min. This treatment also improves the hole injection properties of the ITO. The cleaned substrate is mounted on a substrate holder and loaded into a vacuum chamber. Thereafter, the organic materials specified below are applied by vapor deposition to the ITO substrate at a rate of approx. 0.2-1 Å/sec at about 10⁻⁶-10⁻⁸ mbar. As a hole injection layer, 40 nm-thick of compound A is applied. Then 20 nm-thick of compound B is applied as a hole transporting layer. Subsequently, a mixture of 20% by weight of an emitter compound, (Ir(Ph-ppy)₃), 40% of compound D and 40% of comparative compound 1 are applied by co-deposition to form a 40 nm-thick phosphorescent-emitting layer. On the emitting layer, 30 nm-thick compound C is applied as an electron transport layer. Finally, 1 nm-thick LiF is deposited as an electron injection layer and 80 nm-thick Al is then deposited as a cathode to complete the device. The device is sealed with a glass lid and a getter in an inert nitrogen atmosphere with less than 1 ppm of water and oxygen.

OLED Characterization

To characterize the OLED, electroluminescence spectra are recorded at various currents and voltages. In addition, the current-voltage characteristic is measured in combination with the luminance to determine luminous efficiency and external quantum efficiency (EQE). Driving voltage U and EQE are given at a current density of 10 mA/cm², and 80% lifetime (LT80), the time spent until the initial luminance at 50 mA/cm² is reduced to 80%, is recorded.

Application Example 1

Comparative Application Example 1 is repeated except that the host (comparative compound 1) is replaced by compound 3. The device results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Appl. Ex. Host EQE (%) Comp. Appl. Ex. 1 Comparative 15.9 compound 1 + Compound D Appl. Ex. 1 Compound 3 + 16.4 Compound D

The results shown in Table 1 demonstrate that the EQE is enhanced by replacing comparative compound 1 to compound 3.

Comparative Application Example 2

Comparative Application Example 1 is repeated except that the combination of two hosts (40% of compound D and 40% of comparative compound 1) is replaced by 80% of comparative compound 3. The device results are shown in Table 2.

Application Example 2

Comparative Application Example 2 is repeated except that the host (comparative compound 3) is replaced by compound 3. The device results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Appl. Ex. Host LT80 [hrs] Comp. Appl. Ex. 2 Comparative 10 compound 3 Appl. Ex. 2 Compound 3 25

The results shown in Table 2 demonstrate that the lifetime is prolonged by replacing comparative compound 3 to compound 3.

Application Example 3

Comparative Application Example 1 is repeated except that compound D is replaced by compound 1. The device results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Appl. Ex. Hosts CIE, x/y Appl. Ex. 3 Comparative 0.32/0.62 compound 1 + Compound 1

The results shown in Table 3 demonstrate that the compound 1 can be used as a green host.

Application Example 4

A glass substrate with 120 nm-thick indium-tin-oxide (ITO) transparent electrode (manufactured by Geomatec Co., Ltd.) used as an anode is first cleaned with isopropanol in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min. To eliminate any possible organic residues, the substrate is exposed to an ultraviolet light and ozone for further 30 min. This treatment also improves the hole injection properties of the ITO. The cleaned substrate is mounted on a substrate holder and loaded into a vacuum chamber. Thereafter, the organic materials specified below are applied by vapor deposition to the ITO substrate at a rate of approx. 0.2-1 Å/sec at about 10⁻⁶-10⁻⁸ mbar. As a hole injection layer, 40 nm-thick of compound A is applied. Then 20 nm-thick of compound B is applied as a hole transporting layer. Subsequently, a mixture of 20% by weight of an emitter compound, (Ir(Ph-ppy)₃), 40% by weight of a 1^(st) host (compound D) and 40% by weight of a 2^(nd) host (compound 1) are applied to form a 40 nm-thick phosphorescent-emitting layer. On the emitting layer, 30 nm-thick compound C is applied as an electron transport layer. Finally, 1 nm-thick LiF is deposited as an electron injection layer and 80 nm-thick Al is then deposited as a cathode to complete the device. The device is sealed with a glass lid and a getter in an inert nitrogen atmosphere with less than 1 ppm of water and oxygen.

OLED Characterization

To characterize the OLED, electroluminescence spectra are recorded at various currents and voltages. In addition, the current-voltage characteristic is measured in combination with the luminance to determine luminous efficiency and external quantum efficiency (EQE). Driving voltage U, EQE and Commission Internationale de I'Éclairage (CIE) coordinate are given at 10 mA/cm² except otherwise stated.

TABLE 4 Appl. Ex. 2^(nd) Host CIE, x/y Appl. Ex. 4 Compound 1 0.32/0.62

The results shown in Table 4 demonstrate that the compound 1 can be used as green host. 

1: A heterocyclic derivative of formula (1):

wherein: R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ are independently of each other H or a group of formula -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)-(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-R²⁰; at least one of the residues R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ represents or contains a benzimodazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimodazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

X is O, S, NR¹³, CR³⁰R³¹ or SiR³⁰R³¹; Y is N, CR³⁰ or SiR³⁰; R³⁰ and R³¹ are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; two adjacent groups R³⁰ and R³¹ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently of each other H or a group of the following formula -(A^(1′))_(o′)-(A^(2′))_(p′)-(A^(3′))_(q′)-(A^(4′))_(r′)-R²⁰; R¹³ is a group of formula -(A^(5′))_(s′)-(A^(6′))_(t′)-(A⁷)_(u′)-(A′)_(v′)—R²¹; k, l and n are independently of each other 0, 1, 2 or 3; m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; l′ and n′ are independently of each other 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R⁹ is a group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A^(8′))_(v)—R²¹; o is 0 or 1, p is 0 or 1, q is 0 or 1, r is 0 or 1; s is 0 or 1, t is 0 or 1, u is 0 or 1, v is or 1; o′ is 0 or 1, p′ is 0 or 1, q′ is 0 or 1, r′ is 0 or 1; s′ is 0 or 1, t′ is 0 or 1, u′ is 0 or 1, v′ is or 1; A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄arylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₂-C₃₀heteroarylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G; R²⁰ and R^(20′) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; R²¹ and R^(21′) are independently of each other a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷ are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; two adjacent groups of the groups R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; and/or two adjacent groups of the groups R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; D is —CO—, —COO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO₂—, —O—, —NR⁶⁵—, —SiR⁷⁰R⁷¹—, —POR⁷²—, —CR⁶³═CR⁶⁴—, or —C≡C; E is —OR⁶⁹, —SR⁶⁹, —NR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —COR⁶⁸, —COOR⁶⁷, —CONR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —CN, —Si(R⁷⁰)₃ or halogen; G is E, or a C₁-C₂₄alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₂₄alkyl, or C₁-C₂₄alkyl which is interrupted by O; a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkyl which is interrupted by O; R⁶³ and R⁶⁴ are independently of each other H, C₆-C₁₈aryl; C₆-C₁₈aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; C₁-C₁₈alkyl; or C₁-C₁₈alkyl which is interrupted by —O—; R⁶⁵ and R⁶⁶ are independently of each other a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—; or R⁶⁵ and R⁶⁶ may form together with the atom to which they are bonded a five or six membered ring, R⁶⁷ is a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—, R⁶⁸ is H; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—, R⁶⁹ is a C₆-C₁₈aryl; a C₆-C₁₈aryl, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—, R⁷⁰ and R⁷¹ are independently of each other a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, or a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, and R⁷² is a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, or a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl; and wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites. 2: The heterocyclic derivative according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the residues R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ represents one of the following groups: an -L-benzimodazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

wherein L is -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)-(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-; and the dotted lines are bonding sites. 3: The heterocyclic derivative according to claim 1, having one of the following formulae:

wherein the residues R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, the indices k and 1 and the group X are as defined in claim
 1. 4: The heterocyclic derivative according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the residues R¹, R³ or R⁴ represents or contains a benzimodazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimodazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites. 5: The heterocyclic derivative according to claim 1, wherein: A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A⁷ and A^(8′) are independently of each other C₆-C₂₄arylene groups, which optionally can be substituted by G, selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene, biphenylene, triphenylene, terphenylene, pyrenylene, 2- or 9-fluorenylene, phenanthrylene, or anthrylene, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by G; or C₅-C₂₄heteroarylen groups, which optionally can be substituted by G, characterized by a ring with five to seven ring atoms or a condensed ring system, wherein nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur are the possible heteroatoms, and having at least six conjugated-electrons. 6: The heterocyclic derivative according to claim 1, wherein R²⁰, R^(20′), R²¹ and R^(21′) are independently of each other:

wherein: A is O, S or NR⁶⁵; R⁶⁵ is a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; an aryl group comprising a total of 7 to 30 carbon atoms, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; R¹⁶, R^(16′), R^(16″), R¹⁷, R^(17″), and R^(17′″) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; or CN; or two adjacent groups R¹⁶, R¹⁶, R^(16″), R^(16′″), R¹⁷, R^(17″) and R^(17′″), may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure which may be substituted by G; or

wherein X¹, X² and X³ are independently of each other CR²² or N, wherein in formula (8) at least one of X¹ to X³ is N, and wherein in formulae (9) and (10) at least one of X¹ and X³ is N; Ar₁ and Ar₂ are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group, which is optionally substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group, which is optionally substituted by G; R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and R²² are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or CN. 7: The heterocyclic derivative according to claim 1, wherein L is 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene or a single bond. 8: The heterocyclic derivative according to claim 1, wherein R⁹ is

wherein A is O or S; R¹⁶, R^(16′), R^(16″), R^(16′″), R¹⁷, R^(17″) and R^(17′″) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; or CN; or two adjacent groups R¹⁶, R¹⁶, R^(16″), R^(16′″), R¹⁷, R^(17″) and R^(17′″) may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure which may be substituted by G; or

wherein X¹, X² and X³ are independently of each other CR²² or N, wherein in formula (8) at least one of X¹ to X³ is N, and wherein in formulae (9) and (10) at least one of X¹ and X³ is N; Ar₁ and Ar₂ are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group, which is optionally substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group, which is optionally substituted by G; R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and R²² are independently of each other H, a C₆-C₂₄ aryl group which can be substituted by G, a C₁-C₂₄ heteroaryl group which can be substituted by G or a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; or CN. 9: An organic electronic device, comprising the heterocyclic derivative according to claim
 1. 10: The organic electronic device according to claim 9, which is an organic electroluminescent device, wherein the organic electroluminescent device comprises an organic thin film layer between a cathode and an anode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises one or more layers and comprises a light emitting layer, and at least one layer of the organic thin film layer comprises the heterocyclic derivative. 11: The organic electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the light emitting layer comprises the heterocyclic derivative. 12: The organic electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the light emitting layer comprises a phosphorescent material, which is an ortho-metallated complex comprising a metal atom selected from iridium (Ir), osmium (Os) and platinum (Pt). 13: A charge transport layer, charge blocking layer/exciton blocking layer, or an emitting layer comprising the heterocyclic derivative according to claim
 1. 14: The emitting layer according to claim 13, comprising the heterocyclic derivative as host material in combination with a phosphorescent emitter. 15: An apparatus selected from the group consisting of stationary visual display units; mobile visual display units; illumination units; keyboards; items of clothing; furniture; wallpaper, comprising the organic electronic device according to claim
 9. 16: An article, comprising the heterocyclic derivative of claim 1, said article being selected from the group consisting of an organic electroluminescent device, an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a photoelectric converter, an, organic solar cell, a switching element, an organic light emitting field effect transistor, an image sensors and a dye laser. 17: A process for preparing the heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1):

the process comprising: a) Coupling a group:

wherein one of the groups R⁵, R⁶ or R⁸ is the bonding site, with a benzimodazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimodazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

to obtain the heterocyclic derivative of formula (1), wherein: R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ are independently of each other H or a group of formula -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)-(A³)_(q)(A⁴)_(r)-R²⁰; at least one of the residues R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ represents or contains a benzimodazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; a benzimodazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazolylyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by G; or a group of one of the following formulae:

wherein X is O, S, NR¹³, CR³⁰R³¹ or SiR³⁰R³¹; R³⁰ and R³¹ are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; two adjacent groups R³⁰ and R³¹ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; Y is N, CR³⁰ or SiR³⁰; R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently of each other H or a group of the following formula -(A^(1′))_(o′)-(A^(2′))_(p′)-(A^(3′))_(q′)-(A^(4′))_(r′)-R²⁰; R¹³ is a group of formula -(A^(5′))_(s′)-(A^(6′))_(t)-(A^(7′))_(u′)-(A^(8′))_(v′)-R²¹; k, l and n are independently of each other 0, 1, 2 or 3; m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; l′ and n′ are independently of each other 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R⁹ is a group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹; o is 0 or 1, p is 0 or 1, q is 0 or 1, r is 0 or 1; s is 0 or 1, t is 0 or 1, u is 0 or 1, v is 0 or 1; A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷, A⁸, A^(1′), A^(2′), A^(3′), A^(4′), A^(5′), A^(6′), A^(7′) and A^(8′) are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄arylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₂-C₃₀heteroarylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G; R²⁰ and R^(20′) are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; R²¹ and R^(21′) are independently of each other a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁷ are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; two adjacent groups of the groups R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; and/or two adjacent groups of the groups R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; D is —CO—, —COO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO₂—, —O—, —NR⁶⁵—, —SiR⁷⁰R⁷¹—, —POR⁷²—, —CR⁶³═CR⁶⁴—, or —CC; E is —OR⁶⁹, —SR⁶⁹, —NR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —COR⁶⁸, —COOR⁶⁷, —CONR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —CN, —Si(R⁷⁰)₃ or halogen; G is E, or a C₁-C₂₄alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₂₄alkyl, or C₁-C₂₄alkyl which is interrupted by O; a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkyl which is interrupted by O; R⁶³ and R⁶⁴ are independently of each other H, C₆-C₁₈aryl; C₆-C₁₈aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; C₁-C₁₈alkyl; or C₁-C₁₈alkyl which is interrupted by —O—; R⁶⁵ and R⁶⁶ are independently of each other a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—; or R⁶⁵ and R⁶⁶ may form together with the atom to which they are bonded a five or six membered ring, R⁶⁷ is a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—, R⁶⁸ is H; a C₆-C_(8l)aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—, R⁶⁹ is a C₆-C₁₈aryl; a C₆-C₁₈aryl, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—, R⁷⁰ and R⁷¹ are independently of each other a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, or a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, and R⁷² is a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, or a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl; wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites. 18: A process for preparing the heterocyclic derivatives of formula (1):

the process comprising: reacting a compound of formula (31) with a compound of formula (32) in the presence of a base, to obtain a compound of formula (1″):

wherein: R* has the meaning of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ or R⁸; x is 0, 1, 2 or 3; Q is H, F, Cl, Br, or I; Z is F, Cl, Br, or I; R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently of each other H or a group of formula -(A¹)_(o)-(A²)_(p)-(A³)_(q)-(A⁴)_(r)-R²⁰; R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are independently of each other H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; and/or two adjacent groups of the groups R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; and/or two adjacent groups of the groups R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ may form together with the atoms to which they are bonded a ring structure, which can optionally be substituted by G; R⁹ is a group of formula -(A⁵)_(s)-(A⁶)_(t)-(A⁷)_(u)-(A⁸)_(v)-R²¹, or H; o is 0 or 1, p is 0 or 1, q is 0 or 1, r is 0 or 1; s is 0 or 1, t is 0 or 1, u is 0 or 1, v is 0 or 1; A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, A⁷ and A⁸ are independently of each other a C₆-C₂₄arylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₂-C₃₀heteroarylene group, which can optionally be substituted by G; R²⁰ is H, a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E and/or interrupted by D; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; R²¹ is a C₁-C₂₅alkyl group, which can optionally be substituted by E; a C₆-C₂₄aryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G, or a C₁-C₂₄heteroaryl group, which can optionally be substituted by G; D is —CO—, —COO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO₂—, —O—, —NR⁶⁵—, —SiR⁷⁰R⁷¹—, —POR⁷²—, —CR⁶³═CR⁶⁴—, or —C≡C; E is —OR⁶⁹, —SR⁶⁹, —NR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —COR⁶⁸, —COOR⁶⁷, —CONR⁶⁵R⁶⁶, —CN, —Si(R⁷⁰)₃ or halogen; G is E, or a C₁-C₂₄alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₂₄alkyl, or C₁-C₂₄alkyl which is interrupted by O; a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, which is substituted by F, C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkyl which is interrupted by O; R⁶³ and R⁶⁴ are independently of each other H, C₆-C₁₈aryl; C₆-C₁₈aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; C₁-C₁₈alkyl; or C₁-C₁₈alkyl which is interrupted by —O—; R⁶⁵ and R⁶⁶ are independently of each other a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—; or R⁶⁵ and R⁶⁶ may form together with the atom to which they are bonded a five or six membered ring, R⁶⁷ is a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—, R⁶⁸ is H; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group; a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—, R⁶⁹ is a C₆-C₁₈aryl; a C₆-C₁₈aryl, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or C₁-C₁₈alkoxy; a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group; or a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, which is interrupted by —O—, R⁷⁰ and R⁷¹ are independently of each other a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, or a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl, and R⁷² is a C₁-C₁₈alkyl group, a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, or a C₆-C₁₈aryl group, which is substituted by C₁-C₁₈alkyl; wherein the dotted lines are bonding sites. 19: An apparatus selected from the group consisting of a stationary visual display unit, a mobile visual display unit, an illumination unit, a keyboards an item of clothing, a furniture, a wallpaper, said article comprising the charge transport layer, the charge/exciton blocking layer, or the emitting layer according to claim
 13. 